The Contemporary Middle East. A Documentary History

and the real source of political power. Combating violence, torture and mistreatment of the citizens is one of the main reasons ...

and peaceful Afghanistan with vibrant economy is the historic task that we have under- taken in the court of God, history and ou ...

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CHAPTER 8 Turkey CHAPTER 8 DOCUMENTS Overview 627 Part I: Post–World War I, 1918–1927 Turkey Emerges from World War I 631 Docume ...

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CHAPTER 8 Overview O ver the past century, ethnic and national identities have played crucial roles throughout the Middle East. ...

beginning to confront the persistent issue of Turkey’s role in Europe. Although none of Turkey’s territory lies along the Atlant ...

hands of an elected national assembly that had appointed Ataturk as president, but only the Republican People’s Party, founded b ...

decades under Ataturk’s edicts, Turkey barred public use of the Kurdish language. A rebellion by a radical Kurdish separatist gr ...

Turkey Emerges from World War I DOCUMENT IN CONTEXT Most Western histories of World War I emphasize its importance in ending the ...

other nationalities, notably the Arabs, who for centuries had been under Ottoman rule and at the time were succumbing to Europea ...

DOCUMENT Declaration of the Congress of Sivas SEPTEMBER8, 1919 In view of the exterior and interior perils which threaten our co ...

our country and which will respect the principles of nationality within the limits indi- cated under Article VI. We await in the ...

the conclusion of the armistice of the 30th October 1918 were in the occupation of enemy forces, should be determined in accorda ...

Modern Turkey’s Founding Principles DOCUMENT IN CONTEXT No country is the creation of a single person, but one man left an extra ...

principles were incorporated into the platform of the ruling Republican People’s Party, founded by Ataturk. Six years later, the ...

The Kemalist Legacy In a thirty-six-hour oration to his party spread out over five days in October 1927, Ataturk barely mentione ...

That is the only basis of your existence and your future. This basis contains your most precious treasure. In the future, too, t ...

Rapid urbanization and other changes following World War II created widespread demands for more political openness. Disgruntled ...

The 1980 Coup In December 1979, the military warned the government that it needed to act against ongoing unrest, but Prime Minis ...