The Contemporary Middle East. A Documentary History

Foundations of the

Contemporary

Middle East

The Arab League

Document: The Charter of the Arab League

The Partition of Palestine

Document: UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (1947)

Founding of the State of Israel

Document: Declaration of the Founding of Israel

Part II: Arabs and Israelis at War, 1948–

War and Refugees

Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator

Status of Jerusalem

Document: Ben-Gurion Statement on the Status of Jerusalem

The Suez Crisis

Document: Protocol of Sèvres

Document: Eisenhower Letter to Ben-Gurion on Withdrawal from the Sinai

The Eisenhower Doctrine

Document: Eisenhower’s Message to Congress on the Middle East

June 1967 Arab-Israeli War

Document: Nasser Addressing the National Assembly

Document: Abba Eban’s Statement to the UN Security Council

The Johnson Plan

Document: Johnson on the Middle East

Arab League Khartoum Summit

Document: Khartoum Declaration

UN Security Council Resolution

Document: UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967)

The October 1973 War

Part III: Steps toward Peace, 1975–

Zionism as Racism

Camp David Peace Process

Egypt and Israel Document: Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between

Document: The Framework for Peace in the Middle East
- the State of Israel Document: Treaty of Peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and

The Reagan Plan

the Middle East Document: Reagan Address to the Nation on U.S. Peace Efforts in

The Arab League Fez Summit

Document: Fez Declaration

The Madrid Conference

the Madrid Conference Document: Opening Statement by President George H. W. Bush at

Jordanian–Israeli Peace

Document: The Washington Declaration
- Kingdom of Jordan Document: Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite

The Arab League Beirut Summit

Document: Arab Peace Initiative

Document: The Beirut Declaration

Overview Chapter 3: Israel and the Palestinians

Part I: Palestinian Resistance and Israeli Settlement, 1968–

The Palestinian National Movement

Document: Palestinian National Charter

Israel and the Question of Palestinian Statehood

Document: Golda Meir on the Palestinians

Israeli Settlement of the Occupied Territories

Document: Cabinet Communiqué on Israeli Settlements

Document: Statement by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on Settlements

Arab Recognition of the PLO

Document: Arab League Recognition of the PLO

Document: Arafat Speech to the UN General Assembly

The First Intifada

Document: Rabin on the Intifada

Document: Communiqué No.

Jordan Relinquishes the West Bank

Document: King Hussein on Relinquishing the West Bank

The Founding of Hamas

Document: Hamas’s Covenant

Part II: From Oslo to al-Aqsa Intifada, 1993–

Oslo Accords

Document: Letter from Yasir Arafat to Yitzhak Rabin
- Johan Jorgen Holst/ Document: Letter from Yasir Arafat to Norwegian Foreign Minister

Document: Letter from Yitzhak Rabin to Yasir Arafat
- Self-Government Arrangements Document: Oslo Accord: Declaration of Principles on Interim

Document: Cairo Agreement on Palestinian Self-Rule in Gaza and Jericho

Document: Oslo II: Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Hebron Protocol

Document: Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron

Wye River Memorandum

Document: Wye River Memorandum

Camp David and the al-Aqsa Intifada

Summit Document: Trilateral Statement at the Conclusion of the Camp David

Document: Clinton Speech on Camp David to the Israel Policy Forum

The Mitchell Report

Document: Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Final Report

The Road Map

Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Document: Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State

Abbas Succeeds Arafat

Document: Abbas’s First Address as President of the Palestinian Authority

Israeli Disengagement

Document: Sharon Statement on Gaza Disengagement

The Hamas Government

Document: Hamas Government Platform
- the UN Secretary-General Document: Letter from Palestinian Foreign Minister Mahmoud Zahar to

Overview Chapter 4: Lebanon and Syria

Part I: Civil War and Foreign Intervention, 1975–

Lebanese Civil War

Document: Riyadh Conference Statement on the Lebanese Civil War

Israeli Invasion of Lebanon

Document: Begin Speech to the Knesset on Invading Lebanon

U.S. Involvement in Lebanon

Document: Reagan on the Multinational Force for Lebanon

Document: Reagan Statement on the Situation in Lebanon

The Taif Accord

Document: Lebanese National Reconciliation Charter

Part II: Post–Civil War and Foreign Withdrawal, 2000–

Israeli Withdrawal from Lebanon

Document: Israeli and Cabinet Approval of Israel’s Withdrawal from Lebanon
- 426 (1978) Document: UN Secretary-General’s Report on Resolutions 425 (1978) and
- Withdrawal from Lebanon Document: UN Secretary-General’s Press Statement on the Israeli

Syrian Withdrawal from Lebanon

- from Lebanon Document: Statement by the UN Security Council on Syrian Withdrawal

The Hizballah-Israeli War

Overview Chapter 5: Iran

Part I: The Iranian Revolution and Its Aftermath, 1978–

The Iranian Revolution

Document: Proclamation of an Islamic Republic in Iran

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Document: Khomeini Denounces Carter

Document: Carter News Conference on Iran

Document: Agreement to Release Hostages

Part II: Iran and the West, 1997–

U.S.-Iranian Relations

Document: Khatami on U.S.-Iranian Relations

Document: Clinton Remarks on Iran at the White House Millennium Dinner

Document: Albright Remarks before the American-Iranian Council

Iranian Nuclear Ambitions

Overview Chapter 6: Iraq and the Gulf Wars

Saddam Hussein Takes Power Part I: The Iran-Iraq War

Document: Hussein’s First Presidential Address to the Nation

Iran and Iraq: Prelude to War

Document: Hussein Speech to the National Assembly before War with Iran

Iran-Iraq War and Diplomacy

Document: Arab League Summit Communiqué on Ending the Iran-Iraq War

Conclusion of the Iran-Iraq War

Document: Khamenei’s Letter Accepting UN Security Council Resolution

Document: Khomeini Statement on the Cease-Fire with Iraq

Part II: The Persian Gulf War,

Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait

- Foreign Troop Deployments to Saudi Arabia Document: King Fahd Statement on the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait and

Document: U.N. Security Council Resolution 665 (1990)
- International Response Document: Hussein Message on the Invasion of Kuwait and the

Document: U.S.-Soviet Statement on the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait

Persian Gulf War

Document: Bush Announces the Start of the Air War against Iraq

Document: Bush Announces the Start of the Ground War against Iraq
- Kuwait Document: Hussein Announces the Withdrawal of Iraqi Forces from

Document: Bush Announces the Suspension of Combat against Iraq

Persian Gulf War’s Aftermath

Part III: UN Weapons Inspections, 1991–

UN Weapons Inspections

WMD and Related Programs Document: Ekeus Letter on UNSCOM’s Progress in Destroying Iraqi

Document: Iraq Liberation Act of

Document: Butler Letter on UNSCOM’s Work in Iraq

Part IV: Iraq in Transition, 2003–

Iraq War Prelude

Document: Bush’s Annual Speech to the UN General Assembly

Document: Bush Speech Warning of the Iraqi WMD

The Iraq War

Document: Bush Ultimatum to Hussein to Leave Iraq

Postwar Iraq

The Missing WMD

Iraqi WMD Document: Executive Summary of the Duelfer Report on the Search for

Iraq’s New Government

Document: Iraqi National Reconciliation and Dialogue Project

U.S. Policy in Iraq

Document: Recommendations of the Iraq Study Group

Document: Bush Announcing His Plan for a Troop “Surge” in Iraq

Overview Chapter 7: Afghanistan

Part I: Soviet Intervention and the Rise of the Taliban, 1979–

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Document: Soviet Memorandum on the Invasion of Afghanistan

Document: Carter Address on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Document: Brezhnev on the Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan

Document: Geneva Accords

Document: Shevardnadze Statements on the Afghanistan Peace Accord

Rise of the Taliban

Document: Taliban Decrees

Part II: Post–September 11,

U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan

Document: President Musharraf Speech to the People of Pakistan

Document: Bush on the Start of Military Strikes against Afghanistan

Document: Blair Statement on Military Action in Afghanistan

Document: Bonn Agreement

The Karzai Government

Document: Speech by President Karzai before the Afghan Parliament

Overview Chapter 8: Turkey

Part 1: Post–World War I, 1918–

Turkey Emerges from World War I

Document: Declaration of the Congress of Sivas

Document: Turkish National Pact

Modern Turkey’s Founding Principles

Document: Ataturk’s 1927 Speech to the Republican People’s Party

Part II: Military Intervention and Islamist Governments, 1971–

Military Intervention in Politics

Document: Coup Memorandum by the General Staff (1971)

Document: Turkish Embassy Announcement of a Coup (1980)
- Religion (2007) Document: Statement by the General Staff on Founding Principles and

Rise of the Justice and Development Party

Document: Program of the Fifty-eighth Turkish Government

Chronology

Bibliography

Credits

Index

CHAPTER

Overview CHAPTER 1 DOCUMENTS

Part I: Post–Ottoman Empire: A New Middle East, 1915–

Toward Arab Independence

Document: Letter from Hussein to McMahon

Document: Letter from McMahon to Hussein

Post–World War I Division

Document: Sykes-Picot Agreement

Arab-Jewish Dialogue

Document: The Weizmann-Faisal Agreement

General Syrian Congress and the King-Crane Commission

Document: Statement by the General Syrian Congress

Part II: The Issue of Palestine, 1917–

A Jewish National Home

Document: Balfour Declaration

Mandate for Palestine

Document: League of Nations Mandate for Palestine

The Contemporary Middle East. A Documentary History

Foundations of the

Contemporary

Middle East

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