America\'s Military Adversaries. From Colonial Times to the Present

in Ireland before transfer- ring back to North Amer- ica in 1782. He served at a variety of posts, including Montreal, Detroit, ...

the small core of British soldiers at any cost and trading the vast spaces of Upper Canada for time. His reaction to the Novembe ...

ways—and perhaps unfairly—compared to the popular Isaac Brock. However, he was a competent soldier in his own right who won the ...

paired back to England, where in June 1811 he gained a promotion to lieutenant general and an appointment as lieutenant governor ...

mark. Sherbrooke was a practicing Anglican, but he was especially careful to court the favor of the Roman Catholic clergy. In fa ...

after, he spent his time in various garrisons throughout New Mexico and campaigned against the Apache Indians under Maj. Ed- war ...

dismissed for drinking in 1873. Sibley returned to the United States, where he settled down in Fredericksburg, Virginia, living ...

this unit had suffered poorly at the hands of Maj. Robert Rogers, for- mer hero of the French and Indian War, who was now incapa ...

In December 1780, Simcoe sailed to Vir- ginia as part of Arnold’s large-scale raiding force. This was undertaken to rally Loyali ...

lorn Hope? Simcoe and the Defense of Upper Canada.” Canadian Historical Review53 (1972): 148–178; Simcoe, John G. A History of t ...

Sioux. An uneasy truce of six years ensued, but it was broken in 1874 by the gold-hunting expedition into the Black Hills led by ...

and on December 15, 1890, orders to arrest him were issued. Several Apache Indian police confronted the old chief at his residen ...

his massive, six-foot, four- inch frame and a bucca- neering disposition to match, Skorzeny seemed perfectly suited for the role ...

tle, taking the regent alive—and back to Ger- many. Hungary was thus kept allied long enough for German forces to escape across ...

SMITH, FRANCIS Smith, Francis (ca. 1723–November 17, 1791) English General I n 28 years of service, the rotund, slow-mov- ing Sm ...

Boston. As a measure of further insurance, Smith’s second in command was Maj. John Pitcairn, a steely veteran known for coolness ...

Americans retreat unscathed. He subse- quently accompanied part of the army to Newport, Rhode Island, where he served under Gen. ...

of August 1762. Despite his relatively junior rank, he had acquired the reputation as a skill- ful frontier fighter. The onset o ...

raged the Native Americans, now forced to sleep on the bare ground, and they began de- serting the British. St. Leger then resor ...

STEWART, ALEXANDER Stewart, Alexander (ca. 1741–December 1794) English Army Officer T he enigmatic Stewart was a fine profes- si ...