America\'s Military Adversaries. From Colonial Times to the Present

See also Bragg, Braxton; Davis, Jefferson; Hood, John Bell; John- ston, Joseph E.; Longstreet, James Bibliography Evans, E. Raym ...

lack of interpersonal skills. Intensely shy, he was unable to express his ideas succinctly, usually resorting to a forceful, ove ...

army against Philadelphia. Clinton was aghast to learn that Howe pursued a personal war against Washington while failing to supp ...

gained appointment as governor of the strategic post of Gibraltar, a good indication of how far his reputation had been salvaged ...

many white settlers as possible. Their actions closed down Apache Pass, the only route to California from southern Arizona. The ...

efforts singularly failed before Baltimore and New Orleans. Alexander Forester In- glis Cochrane was born on April 22, 1758, a s ...

withdrawing back to the waiting fleet. While these events were unfolding, Cochrane also directed naval units in New England wate ...

Fort Bowyer after a brief siege before news of the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812, arrived the following day. Coch ...

Martinique in 1808. He spent the next four years off the coast of Spain, providing valuable ser- vice to forces resisting Napole ...

months what would follow on a much larger scale. On August 15, 1814, Cockburn, Cochrane, and Ross settled upon a strategy of lar ...

1983; Cassell, Frank A. “Slaves and the Chesapeake Bay Area in the War of 1812.” Journal of Negro His- tory57 (1972): 144–155; G ...

ton. However, Collier declared his “inexpress- ible astonishment and concern” when the fleeing Americans escaped by boat to New ...

Collier’s problem was his family pedigree: Lacking an aristocratic background, money, or influence, Collier never enjoyed the po ...

ican Revolution in 1775, was a respected leader of some consequence. The ensuing war be- tween Great Britain and the United Stat ...

Cornplanter spoke fluent English—and was immediately released. The chief then gave his father the choice of retiring in luxury w ...

site of Cornplanter’s land grant. His grave and marker were relocated to higher ground be- forehand. See also Brant, Joseph; Lit ...

traditionally a prime hunting and battle ground for the Cherokee and Shawnee peo- ples. The Indians repeatedly warned the set- t ...

See also Pontiac; Tecumseh Bibliography Calloway, Colin G.“We Have Always Been the Frontier: The American Revolution in Shawnee ...

his seat in Parliament, he denounced the govern- ment’s behavior toward its colonies. Cornwallis arrived in America on board the ...

ious for the security of New York City, then departed, leaving Cornwallis with his much- desired independent command of 8,000 me ...