into Mexico with Col. Edward Hatch’s Ninth
U.S. Cavalry in hot pursuit. They then
merged with another band under Geronimo,
himself having recently escaped from the
San Carlos Reservation in Arizona. From a
military standpoint, the insurgents seemed
unstoppable. Nana chose his subjects care-
fully, approached them stealthily, and hit
them decisively. All attempts at pursuit were
then artfully dodged.
Nana continued raiding and killing with
impunity until May 23, 1883, when he surren-
dered to Gen. George Crook and was forced
back onto the San Carlos Reservation. Two
years later, however, he again escaped with
Geronimo and managed to elude several
thousand pursuers for four months before
being recaptured on March 25, 1886. The
aged warrior, whom Crook openly regarded
as “the brains of the hostile bands,” finally be-
came accustomed to a life of peace. He en-
dured a brief stay at Fort Marion in Florida
before finally being allowed to settle down at
Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in 1894 to take up farm-
ing. Nana was almost a century old, defiant as
ever toward whites, when he died at Fort Sill
on May 19, 1896. Death finally concluded
what was in all likelihood the longest fighting
career of any Apache chief. Whites who knew
this doughty old man ascribed to him “a
strong face, marked with intelligence,
courage, and good nature, but with an under
stratum of cruelty and vindictiveness.” Nana
was certainly all this—and a legendary
Apache warrior.See also
Cochise; GeronimoBibliography
Ball, Eve. In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a
Warm Spring Apache.Tucson: University of Arizona
Press, 1970; Cole, D. C. The Chiricahua Apache,
1846–1876: From War to Reservation.Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 1988; Collins,
Charles. The Great Escape: The Apache Outbreak of
1881.Tucson, AZ: Western Lore Press, 1994; Good-
win, Grenville. Western Apache Raiding and War-
fare.Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1971; Hat-
field, Shelley B. Chasing Shadows: Apaches and
Yaquis Along the United States–Mexico Border,
1876–1911.Albuquerque: University of New Mexico
Press, 1998; Lekson, Stephen H. Nana’s Raid: Apache
Warfare in Southern New Mexico, 1881.El Paso, TX:
Texas Western Press, University of Texas Press–El
Paso, 1987; Meadows, William C. Kiowa, Apache, and
Comanche Military Societies.Austin: University of
Texas Press, 1999; Miller, Harold. “Nana’s Raid of
1881.” Password 19 (Summer 1974): 61–70; Reed-
strom, Ernest. Apache Wars: An Illustrated History.
New York: Sterling, 1990; Simmons, Marc. Massacre
on the Lordsburg Road: A Tragedy of the Apache
Wars.College Station: Texas A&M University Press,
1977; Thrapp, Dan L. The Conquest of Apacheria.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.NISHIZAWA, HIROYOSHI
Nishizawa, Hiroyoshi
(January 27, 1930–October 26, 1944)
Japanese Navy Fighter Pilot
G
aunt, gangly, and unsmiling, Nishizawa
is considered the highest-scoring Japa-
nese navy fighter pilot of World War II.
He was transcendentally superb as a pilot;
once strapped into his cockpit of his Zero
fighter, man and machine fought as one. For
all these reasons, Nishizawa became known
to friend and enemy alike as “the Devil.”
Hiroyoshi Nishizawa was born in Nagano
Prefecture, Japan, on January 27, 1920, the
son of a sake brewer. After toiling in a thread
mill for several years, he observed a Japanese