xvi•CHRONOLOGY
1910 Funeral of King Edward VII.
1911 The Official Secrets Act is enhanced. An official census reveals
42,000 adult Germans and Austro-Hungarians resident in the
United Kingdom. The Sidney Street Siege leaves two dead in
London.
1912 Eric Holt-Wilson joins Sir Vernon Kell’s Special Intelligence
Bureau. Dr. Arngaard Graves is arrested.
1914 Carl Gustav Ernst is arrested. Kell’s MO5 has a staff of nine
officers. The Intelligence Corps is established under Major T. G.
Torrie.
1915 MO5 is redesignated MI5, and MI1c is redesignated MI6.
1916 The post of DMI is reintroduced.
1917 The Zimmerman Telegram is decrypted.
1918 MI5 has grown to 84 officers at headquarters.
1919 Fourteen Combined Intelligence Service members are massa-
cred in Dublin. The Directorate of Intelligence is established at
Scotland Yard.
1920 The British government publishes Soviet intercepts. A new Of-
ficial Secrets Act is passed.
1921 The Directorate of Intelligence at Scotland Yard closes.
1922 J. Walton Newbold is elected as the first Communist party MP.
1923 Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair succeeds Sir Mansfield Smith-Cum-
ming as chief of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS).
1924 The Soviet government is recognized by the United Kingdom.
The Zinoviev Letter is intercepted and published just before the
general election.
1925 Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) headquarters are
raided; 12 members are subsequently prosecuted.
1927 The All-Russia Co-operative Society’s offices are raided. The
Soviets change ciphers after they are compromised by a British
government white paper.
1928 Georg Hansen and Wilfred Macartney are arrested.
1929 The Meerut conspiracy is broken up by arrests in Bombay. The
Intelligence Corps is disbanded.
1930 Olga Gray is recruited by Max Knight.
1931 The Invergordon Mutiny takes place. The Treaty of Westminster
allows MI5 to absorb Scotland Yard’s civilian staff.
1933 Ernest Oldham commits suicide.