CHRONOLOGY•xix1983 Publication of the Franks Report. Hugh Hambleton and Geof-
frey Prime are arrested. Oleg Bitov defects.
1984 Michael Bettaney is arrested.
1985 The trial of Cyprus signals intelligence personnel ends in ac-
quittals. Oleg Gordievsky is exfiltrated from Moscow. Antony
Duff is appointed DGSS.
1986 John Bothwell is arrested.
1987 Peter Wright’sSpyCatcheris published. Patrick Walker is ap-
pointed DGSS.
1989 Colin McColl is appointed C.
1990 Iraq invades Kuwait.
1991 Operationdesert stormliberates Kuwait and defeats Iraq.
Mikhail Butkov defects in Norway.
1992 Matrix Churchill is raided. Stella Rimington is appointed
DGSS. Viktor Oshchenko defects. Michael Smith is arrested.
1993 The first MI5 report is prepared on Vasili Mitrokhin’s informa-
tion.
1994 David Spedding is appointed C.
1995 The first Parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee
Report is released.
1996 The Scott Report on the Paul Henderson trial is published. Ste-
phen Lander is appointed DGSS.
1997 David Shayler leaves MI5 and publishes disclosures.
1998 Richard Tomlinson is released from prison.
1999 The Mitrokhin Archiveis published. Richard Dearlove is ap-
pointed C.
2000 Eliza Manningham-Buller is appointed DGSS.
2002 The September Dossier, regarding the justification for the war
against Iraq, is published. GCHQ moves into new Benhall site.
2003 Operationiraqi freedom removes Saddam Hussein from
power in Iraq.
2004 The Hutton Inquiry and the Butler Report are published.