Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence

GERMAN AGENTS• 205

later to maintain that his relationship with the traitor had been mis-

represented. Several books were written about the episode, including

an autobiography written by Carre ́herself after her release from jail,

and although Garby-Czerniawski was eventually to admit their rela-

tionship, he chose to draw a veil over his subsequent activities in

London as a double agent for MI5.

GAUNT, SIR GUY.Born in 1870, the son of a judge in Australia, and
educated in Melbourne, Guy Gaunt saw action on HMSSwiftin the
Philippines in 1897 and commanded the British consulate in Apia,
Samoa, during the rebel uprising two years later. He commanded
HMSVengeanceduring the Russo-Japanese War and later served on
the Royal Navy’s China Station. In 1914 he was appointed British
naval attache ́in Washington, D.C., and throughout World War I ran
propaganda operations against the Germans in the United States. In
1918hesawactiononconvoydutyonHMSLeviathanand was
posted to theNaval Intelligence Division. He retired with a knight-
hood and the rank of vice admiral in 1928.

GCHQ (GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS HEADQUAR-
TERS).Current name of organization previously called GC&CS
(Government Code & Cipher School).See alsoGovernment Code
and Cipher School.

GERMAN AGENTS.Before and during World War I, the German Ad-
miralty established close links with the central police departments in
Hamburg and Berlin, and in the interwar period the Abwehrstelle in
Hamburg continued to conduct espionage operations against Great
Britain and the United States.MI5’s knowledge of the enemy’s staff
in Hamburg and Cologne was confined to the cover names used in
correspondence and a few personal descriptions provided by some of
their agents from their recruitment interviews.
In the interwar period, MI5 identified 30 German agents or persons
at whom the Germans had made a pitch. Twenty-one were British,
many of whom made no attempt to collect intelligence of value to
the Germans but simply passed on items of little significance in a bid
to get maximum reward for minimum effort. They had received no
training at all, and theAbwehr’s methodology appeared inept. Half