GREECE• 217tivein June 1940, and Grand was posted to India with his regiment
for the remainder of the war. After the war, Grand was appointed
director of fortifications and works at the War Office, a post he held
until his retirement in 1952.GRAVES, ARMGAARD.Although previously denounced as a spy by
his Edinburgh landlady, Dr. Armgaard Graves was not arrested until
April 1912 in Glasgow when one of his letters, with a false return
address, was handed in to the police and found to contain money and
espionage instructions. A search of his hotel room revealed informa-
tion about the new 14-inch naval gun under construction at William
Beardmore’s munitions plant in Glasgow, and Graves, who claimed
Dutch nationality, was convicted in July of offenses under theOffi-
cial Secrets Actand sentenced to 18 months’ imprisonment. He was
secretly released from Barlinnie Prison in December, having ac-
cepted the offer to work for CaptainVernon Kellas adouble agent
against his German controllers, but in June 1913 he was in New York
for the publication of his memoirs,The Secrets of the German War
Office, in which he revealed his brief role as a double agent. In 1915,
while still in New York, Graves wrote a further memoir,The Secrets
of the Hohenzollerns.
GRAY, OLGA.AnMI5agent recruited byMax Knightto penetrate
the Anglo-Soviet Friendship Society, which was suspected as a front
for theCommunist Party of Great Britain(CPGB) and Soviet es-
pionage, Olga Gray proved hugely successful and was employed by
the CPGB’s national organizer,Percy Glading, as a courier. In 1938,
as ‘‘Miss X,’’ she gave evidence against Glading and ensured his con-
viction on charges under theOfficial Secrets Act.
GREECE. The Greek Section of Special Operations Executive
(SOE) had its origins in the efforts in 1941 ofPeter Flemingand an
archaeologist, Nicholas Hammond, who had made a start at prepar-
ing astay-behind network, training local Communists in wireless
techniques. The Axis onslaught of April brought their meager efforts
to an abrupt end, however, forcing the senior SOE officer in Athens,
(Sir) John Stevens, to withdraw his staff of Ian Pirie and Bill Bar-
brook toCreteat short notice just as the Germans entered the capital.