310 • LISZT
improve relations with the Nazis. The organization was dissolved the
day after war was declared in September 1939.LISZT. NKVDcode name for Lord Hankey’s secretaryJohn Cairn-
cross.lisztis attributed with passing a copy of theMaud Commit-
teereport toVladimir Barkovskyin September 1940, which was
transmitted to Moscow by the Londonrezident,Anatoli Gorsky.
When the full text ofliszt’s message was first declassified and
released in Moscow, General Pavel Sudoplatov (or his coauthor Jerry
Schechter) made a fundamental mistake that was to cause consider-
able confusion and lead to accusations of obfuscation. Whoever
translated the document misreadlisztaslist—and then mistakenly
translatedlistwith the Russian word for ‘‘leaf.’’ Therefore the
source codenamedlisztwas transformed intoleaf, which prompted
two further errors. First, there was no Soviet agent codenamed either
listorleaf, and secondly,leafwas incorrectly attributed toDon-
ald Maclean. In fact the true explanation is that Cairncross had two
successive codenames,moliereand thenliszt, and the latter was written in some of the translated original NKVD documents aslist. Both codenames had a connection with Cairncross, for he was a Mo- liere scholar, and Liszt was his favorite composer. Having put that
complication to one side, one can see that Cairncross removed the
paper from theCabinet Officeregistry, and in Gorsky’s message
there is a reference to Lord Hankey asboss, which is a further indica-
tion of the relationship between the source and his superior. Of
course the SVR, as the declassification authority, was unenthusiastic
about naming Cairncross as the source of this important document,
especially as he had specifically denied having even seen it, so it
suited them to perpetuate the myth that Maclean, who was by then
dead, had been responsible, and thus the unnecessary confusion was
allowed to continue.
LOEHNIS, SIR CLIVE.Director ofGCHQfrom 1960 to 1964, Clive
Loehnis was educated at Osborne and Dartmouth and served as a
midshipman during World War I and then as a signals officer. In 1935
he retired from the Royal Navy to work in the movie industry, but
returned in 1938. He served in the Admiralty’sOperational Intelli-
gence Centreduring World War II, and in 1944 was a member of the