SCOTLAND, ALEXANDER• 471SCHROEDER, ADOLPH.Formerly a publican in Rochester, Kent,
Adolph Schroeder, using the alias ‘‘Frederick Gould,’’ was placed
under surveillance byMI5in December 1913 when incriminating
documents were found by the new landlord of his pub. Schroeder’s
mail was intercepted, and in February 1914 he received a telegram
from Brussels seeking to agree a price on the sale of an unidentified
commodity. When Schroeder’s wife Maud began a journey to Os-
tend, she was searched and found to be carrying restricted Royal
Navy charts, plans, and a gun book. Schroeder and his wife were
tried at the Old Bailey in April 1914, and he was convicted and sen-
tenced to six years’ imprisonment. No evidence was offered against
his wife because there was no proof that she knew the content of the
three envelopes she had intended to take to Ostend for her husband.
SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.Until World War II neitherMI5nor
theSecret Intelligence Serviceemployed a scientific adviser, but
R. V. Joneswas recruited to fulfill that role in 1940, whileLord
Rothschildheaded the Security Service’s antisabotage section. After
the war, Sir Frederick Brundrett acted as an adviser to both agencies,
and in 1955Peter Wrightwas appointed as MI5’s first scientific of-
ficer.
SCOTLAND, ALEXANDER.A World War II interrogator at theLon-
don Cage, a Luftwaffe PoW center in Kensington Palace Gardens,
Colonel A. P. Scotland was the son of a railway engineer from Perth-
shire. Scotland had left school at the age of 14 and traveled to South
Africa to fight in theBoer Warbut arrived in 1903 after the conflict
had come to an end. Instead he joined an insurance company as a
clerk and was posted to Ramonsdrift on the border with German
South-West Africa. There he accepted an invitation to become a
Kriegsfreiwilliger(‘‘war volunteer’’) and spent three years in the
German army. In 1914 he was briefly imprisoned as a British spy in
Windhoek, and in 1915 returned to England to be commissioned into
the British army and serve under CaptainJames Marshall-Cornwall
at GHQ in France as anIntelligence Corpsofficer. Fluent in German
and knowledgeable about the German order of battle, Scotland be-
came a skilled interrogator of prisoners and in 1918 undertook three
undercover missions to the German garrison at Bereloo in Belgium.