their exploit served as a model for many similar missions during
World War II.COUNTERMAN. In West German counterintelligence, a Counterman
was an employee of a foreign espionage organization who had been
engaged as an agent for the West. Often that person would be given
a mixture of real and doctored information to pass on to his or her
superiors, as was the case with Joachim Moitzheim. The German
term probably derives from the English word “countermaneuver.”
CREMER, FRIEDRICH (1920– ). A West German physician and politi-
cian, Friedrich Cremer (code name bäcker) was also an agent of the
Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA). Cremer was photographed
with HVA chief Markus Wolf during a summer trip to Scandinavia
in 1978. The spymaster’s physical appearance had long eluded West-
ern authorities, but with the defection of Werner Stiller in 1979, that
photograph became the means of identifying Wolf. Cremer, who was a
delegate of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands in the Bavar-
ian Landtag, was convicted by Bavaria’s highest court as an enemy
agent on 16 May 1980 and sentenced to two and a half years in prison.
Released after 14 months, he resumed his practice as a doctor.
CROISSANT, KLAUS (1930–2002). A West German lawyer and
agent of the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, Klaus Croissant was
a Stuttgart lawyer who gained prominence through his defense of An-
dreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof of the Rote Armee Fraktion (RAF;
Red Army Faction). Becoming a convert to the RAF himself, he was
arrested on 23 June 1975 but violated his bail and sought political
asylum in France two years later. After authorities returned him to
the Federal Republic of Germany, a Stuttgart court found him guilty
of supporting a terrorist organization and sentenced him to two and a
half years in prison. See also HEINRICH, BRIGITTE.
– D –
DAHMS, ALEXANDER (1942– ). A West German Perspektivagent
(sleeper agent) for the Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA), Al-
74 • COUNTERMAN