but the British threatened to make his presence in the United States
an issue in the upcoming presidential campaign.
Hanfstaengl was returned to British custody, where he remained
until 1946. Back in Germany, he wrote his memoirs, Zwischen Weis-
sem und Braunem Haus: Memoiren eines politischen Aussenseiters
(Between the White and Brown House: Memoirs of a Political Out-
sider), published in 1970, although relatively few pages deal with the
S-Project. He died in Munich on 6 November 1975.HANSEN, GEORG (1904–1944). The final caretaker head of the
Abwehr, Georg Hansen was born in Sonnefeld (Thuringia) on 6 July
1904, the son of a forester. After briefly studying law, he chose to
become a career military officer. His first intelligence work was in
1937 in Fremde Heere, where he had responsibility for the British
Commonwealth and the United States. In 1939, his focus shifted to
the Near East and the Balkans as head of Group I of the Fremde
Heere Ost until his transfer to the eastern front in 1942. With the
departure of Hans Piekenbrock in March 1943, he took charge of
the Abwehr’s foreign intelligence collection (Division I) and cor-
rected much of the laxness that had occurred. Following the removal
of Wilhelm Canaris and the transfer of the Abwehr to the Reichssi-
cherheitshauptamt in February 1944, Hansen was named Canaris’s
successor on an interim basis. His active participation in the military
conspiracy against Adolf Hitler led to his arrest in the aftermath
of the failed 20 July 1944 plot. Sentenced to death by the People’s
Court, Hansen was executed at Plötzensee Prison on 8 September.
HANSTEIN, WOLFRAM VON (1899–1965). An important agent
working for Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA) in the Federal
Republic of Germany, Wolfram von Hanstein was born in Berlin on
25 February 1899, the son of a well-known writer and academic. Af-
ter receiving his early education at a military academy, Hanstein was
an active Freikorps member and participated in the abortive Kapp
Putsch in 1920. In addition to studying law, Hanstein learned the pub-
lishing business and took over the Voco Verlag in Leipzig in 1925,
which moved to Berlin the following year. A number of children’s
books, detective stories, and historical novels also appeared under his
name and various pseudonyms. Although his opposition to National
162 • HANSEN, GEORG