Socialism eventually caused his expulsion from the official writers’
association, Hanstein nevertheless found employment during World
War II scripting and directing educational and industrial films.
When the Red Army arrived in 1945, Hanstein, then living near
Dresden, provided names of Nazi party members to the MGB, and
his Voco Verlag was allowed to operate as the only private publish-
ing firm in the Soviet occupation zone. Yet his frequent trips to the
Western zone and contact with members of the Sozialdemokratische
Partei Deutschlands aroused suspicion among Soviet authorities
that he might be a double agent. Hanstein was arrested in 1951 and
sentenced to death for alleged cooperation with American, French,
and West German intelligence. The sentence was commuted to life
imprisonment, and in October 1955 he was repatriated to the German
Democratic Republic. Hanstein then started working for the HVA.
Following his resettlement in the Federal Republic of Germany
the next year and the reestablishment of the Voco Verlag as cover,
Hanstein became associated with leading anticommunist and human
rights organizations, such as the Liga für Menschenrechte (League
for Human Rights), which, as deputy general secretary, he managed
to splinter by the end of 1958. He also maintained frequent contact
with a close associate of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, Heinrich
Krone, and the minister of all-German affairs, Ernst Lemmer. The
defection, however, of Hanstein’s immediate superior, Max Heim,
resulted in his arrest on 18 May 1959. Sentenced to six years in
prison, Hanstein, according to HVA chief Markus Wolf, diligently
continued his espionage work during his incarceration, identifying
three fellow prisoners who became later recruits. After his early re-
lease owing to severe illness, he returned to the GDR and died in East
Berlin on 12 June 1965.HARNACK, ARVID (1901–1942). A government economist during
the Third Reich and a member of the inner circle of the Rote Ka-
pelle, Arvid Harnack was born in Darmstadt on 24 May 1901, the son
of a prominent academic family. Following World War I, his early
nationalist sentiments were increasingly supplanted by an attraction
to the Soviet communist model, which was further strengthened by
the advent of the Great Depression. A student not only at several
German universities, Harnack spent two years at the University of
HARNACK, ARVID • 163