not only in the German Democratic Republic but also among leading
officials in the Federal Republic of Germany. Generously subsidized
by the government and occupying the Ministry for Science and Tech-
nology complex in Berlin-Wuhlheide, Department III had a staff of
2,361 by 1989 and some 80 installations in the GDR, most under
military cover. Diplomatic missions abroad were also used.
Männchen maintained liaison relations with other Eastern bloc
states—especially Czechoslovakia—while helping fraternal coun-
tries such as Cuba construct their own installations and stay abreast
of fiber optic cables, satellite connections, and similar technological
innovations. With the dissolution of the state security apparatus in
December 1989, his successful career came to an end, although un-
like most high-ranking MfS officers, Männchen cooperated fully
with Western authorities. He died in Berlin on 12 January 2008.MÄNNEL, GÜNTER (1932– ). An early defector from the Hauptver-
waltung Aufklärung, Günter Männel (code name lange) headed
the division concerned with operations related to the United States.
Arriving in West Berlin in June 1961, he was later debriefed by the
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency at Camp King (Hesse) and revealed
the names of dozens of Eastern bloc agents active in the Federal
Republic of Germany. Männel also warned of a highly placed KGB
mole in the Bundesnachrichtendienst, but he only knew the Soviet
code name paul. See also BUNKE, TAMARA.
MARINE-EVIDENZBÜRO. The Austro-Hungarian naval intelli-
gence service, the Marine-Evidenzbüro was established in 1900 at
the Adriatic naval base and arsenal of Pula at the southern tip of the
Istrian peninsula. Its major efforts were directed at the Mediterranean
naval squadrons of Great Britain, France, and Italy during World War
I. Of particular significance were the sabotage activities directed by
its Resident in Zurich, Rudolf Mayer. Like its army counterpart, the
agency ended in 1918.
MARTINOVICS, IGNAZ VON (1755–1795). An important Hungar-
ian agent working for the Habsburg secret police and later executed
as a French Jacobin conspirator, Ignaz von Martinovics was born in
Hungary, the son of a Serbian army officer. Trained for the Franciscan
MARTINOVICS, IGNAZ VON • 283