intelligence by means of an explosive envelope. The same day, the Egypt-
ian military attaché in Amman, Jordan, Major Salah Mustafa, receives a
similar explosive envelope. In the explosion, both his hands are blown
off; he dies a week later. September: Following the ban imposed on em-
igration of Jews from North Africa to Israel, the Mossad forms another
type of Misgeret in North Africa for smuggling Jews out of Morocco to
Israel, sometimes with false papers and no travel documents and some-
times by bribing Moroccan officials for authentic passports. 29 October:
Outbreak of the Kadesh Operation, the Sinai Campaign between Egypt
and Israel. Hostilities continue until 5 November. The war is conducted in
political and military coordination with Britain and France, which name
it the Musketeer Campaign. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF), com-
manded by Moshe Dayan, wins an impressive victory, capturing the Sinai
Peninsula. Hostilities are preceded by a diversionary tactic whereby the
IDF deploys as if to act against Jordan. The ruse succeeds, and the Egypt-
ian army is taken wholly by surprise. Israeli intelligence evaluations
of pacifying the frontier and easing the pressures along it are realized.
9 November: The Tushia Operation, an operation to persuade Egyptian
Jews to immigrate to Israel, begins when Avraham Dar and Aryeh (Lova)
Eliav, disguised as French officers, manage to attach themselves to
French forces after the 1956 Sinai Campaign and march with French and
British troops into Port Said. Despite the sincere effort to initiate Jewish
immigration to Israel, not many Egyptian Jews show interest.1957 The Bureau of Scientific Liaison (LAKAM), initially called the
Office of Special Assignments, is established. Its mission is to collect
scientific and technical intelligence from open and covert sources. Its
first director is Binyamin Blumberg.1958 The Tevel wing is established in the Mossad, responsible for
maintaining “shadow diplomatic relations” between the Mossad, rather
than the Israeli Foreign Ministry, and countries with which Israel has
diplomatic relations. Aharon Cohen, an Israeli citizen affiliated with
leftist political party Mapam, is charged with maintaining contacts with
a foreign agent. July: A revolution breaks out in Iraq, contrary to the
evaluation of MI. Abd al-Karim Qassem takes power.1959 1 April:A general mobilization exercise is launched, by means of
unit codenames broadcast over Israel Radio, without advance notificationxxiv • CHRONOLOGY06-102 (01) FM.qxd 3/24/06 7:22 AM Page xxiv