Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
and revolutionaries alike, the tsar’s secret police prevented the emer- gence of a loyal opposition. By encouraging and financin ...
economic crimes.” Crime continued to flourish: the new criminals could provide the “deficit goods” the market failed to produce. ...
transfer of the republic’s gold supply, worth over $700 million in 1937 dollars, to Moscow, where it remained for four decades. ...
P– PANYUSHKIN, ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH (1905–1974). Pa- nyushkin joined the OGPUin 1927. At the age of 34, he was dis- patched to ...
change of Polish and Ukrainian populations with Poland, which ended the ability of Ukrainian partisans to escape inside Poland. ...
people in the villages faced a choice of deportationto Germany or escape into the forests to join the partisans. As the war prog ...
was more difficult, as nationalists and Soviet formations fought each other and the Germans. This struggle continued into the 19 ...
projects took the lives of hundreds of thousands of zeks(prisoners). In 1942 and 1943, more than 20 percent of the camps’ popula ...
Penkovskiy was caught by the KGBas a result of his tradecraft errors. However, he had by that time operated for almost two years ...
to as “Pers” (Perseus) in Soviet intelligence traffic was a key source for the New York rezidentura. He could be identified by t ...
and was fired. His replacement, Rudy Baker, was even better at managing the sensitive CPUSA-NKVDrelationship. Peters later appea ...
Moscow to close its embassy in Canberra. The Petrovs’ defection compromised several Soviet intelligence operations. In the 1940s ...
than a hundred men and women were sent to their deaths. As SIS sta- tion commander in Turkey, he betrayed British and American o ...
why the British establishment protected Philby, whereas the British deeply resented American criticism of their security and int ...
Khrushchev, and Leonid Brezhnev, Pitovranov had a career with a series of sharp turns. In 1938 he was drafted out of the Communi ...
II’s advisors, von Plehve was made minister of internal affairs in As security chief, von Plehve supported draconian internal s ...
The pogroms destroyed the authority of Nicholas II’s regime at home and abroad, breeding contempt among moderates and conser- va ...
In 1944–1946, Stalin ensured the destruction of the military-political base of the Polish Home Army (AK) when he allowed the Ger ...
POLYAKOV, DMITRY FEDOROVICH (1921–1988). The highest- ranking Soviet officer to spy for the West, Polyakov was an agent for Amer ...
POPOV, PETR SEMENOVICH (1916–1960).An early victory for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Cold Warwas the re- cruitme ...
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