tor, and the East Germans and the Soviets agreed to allow him to re-
defect to the West. On 12 December 1954, John was spirited out of
East Germany by friends who may or may not have been in the pay
of the Stasi, the East German security service.
Tried by a West German court, John was sentenced to four years in
jail. He spent the rest of his life trying to get his reputation back,
claiming that he was not a defector but had been kidnapped and
drugged. On five occasions he unsuccessfully sought to have the Ger-
man higher courts quash the verdict, and the John Case became a
West German equivalent of the Alger Hisscase in the United States.
Shortly before his death, he flew to Moscow in an effort to get docu-
ments that would prove his innocence.
The most recent accounts of the case seem to reach a verdict of
“not proven.” The documents do not definitely prove that John en-
tered the East Zone on his own volition. He did not give the MGB the
names of any BfV agents. On the other hand, conservative Germans
believe that his work in the war suggested he was a man capable of
changing sides all too easily. One also can make the argument that
angry about the decisions being made in Bonn, he decided after a few
too many drinks to try a little individual diplomacy and the initiative
went horribly wrong.JOUR. The longest serving and most productive French agent of the
KGBwas codenamed “Jour” (Russian Zhour). He is described by a
former KGB archivist as a code clerk in the French Ministry of For-
eign Affairs who had been recruited in 1945 and worked until at least- Jour, who has never been definitively identified, was paid
bonuses almost every year for his services. He was run by the First
Chief Directorate case officers, using dead drops to minimize the
threat of exposure. His position in the French foreign service report-
edly gave Moscow tremendous entrée into French foreign policy and
national security decision making.
- K –KALUGIN, OLEG DANILOVICH (1934– ).Kalugin rose quickly in
the KGB’s foreign intelligence component to become chief of foreignKALUGIN, OLEG DANILOVICH (1934– )• 12506-313 G-P.qxd 7/27/06 7:56 AM Page 125