other weapons programs. Over the next two years, Kvasnikov di-
rected a small team of case officers who ran dozens of sources with
access to these programs and produced thousands of key reports. The
most important of these agent handlers, Anatoli Yatskovand Alek-
sandr Feklisov, ran agents in more than a score of critical defense
plants as well as at Los Alamos.
On his return to Moscow, Kvasnikov directed the service’s scien-
tific and technical intelligence program. In the KGB, Line X ran sci-
entific and technical intelligence inside rezidenturaswhile Direc-
torate T managed the effort from within the First Chief Directorate.
Scientific and technical intelligence was one of the jewels in the
KGB’s crown: every annual report from the KGB chair to the party
leaders listed the success of obtaining Western technology. For ex-
ample, the 1960 report notes that the KGB in the previous year had
acquired “10,029 classified technologies, blueprints, and schemas, as
well as 1,311 different samples of equipment.” See alsoINDUS-
TRIAL ESPIONAGE.- L –
LABORATORY 10. In 1937 the NKVDcreated a laboratory inside
Moscow to produce substances to support surveillanceoperations
and poisonings. Professor Grigori Maironovskiy, a respected toxicol-
ogist, was ordered first by Nikolai Yezhov and thenLavrenty Beria
to create poisons. According to defectortestimony, these poisons
were first tested on people under sentence of death. In the late 1940s,
Maironovskiy’s poisons were used to kill several political dissidents
and Raoul Wallenberg. In 1953 Marionovskiy was arrested and, in
exchange for his life, testified at the trials of Beria and Viktor
Abakumov. After serving his sentence, he died in retirement. Fol-
lowing the formation of the KGB, some of the functions of Labora-
tory 10 were included in the Operational Technical Directorate. The
KGB assisted the Bulgarian service in poisoning Georgi Markov, a
Bulgarian defector.LATSIS, MARTYN IANOVICH (1888–1938).Born Ian Fredrikovich
Sudrabis in Russian Latvia, Latsis was arrested for revolutionary ac-
tivity in 1916 and exiledto Siberia. He escaped and traveled to St.142 •LABORATORY 1006-313 G-P.qxd 7/27/06 7:56 AM Page 142