Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence

and the American Response (Washington, D.C.: National Security

Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 1996). Benson, now deceased,

worked on Venona as a young cryptographer. Good places to begin a

study of cryptology are David Kahn, The Codebreakers(New York:

Scribner, 1996), and Rudolf Kippenhahn, Code Breaking: A History and

an Exploration(New York: Overlook Press, 1999).

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