Appendix IAgents and Programs Betrayed by Aldrich Ames,
Robert Hanssen, and Edward Lee Howard
325Sergei Bokhan (Blizzard). GRU colonel serving abroad. Recruited in- Rescued.
Oleg Gordievskiy. KGB political intelligence officer in London. Re-
cruited in 1974. Rescued by the British Intelligence Service.
Valery Martynov (Gentile). KGB Scientific and technical intelligence
officer serving in Washington. Arrested and shot in 1986.
Sergei Motorin (Gauze). KGB political intelligence officer serving in
Washington. Arrested and shot in 1986.
Vladimir Piguzov (Jogger). KGB colonel serving in Indonesia. Ar-
rested and shot 1987.
Dmitry Polyakov (Top Hat, Fedora). GRU major general. Initially
volunteered to the FBI in 1961. Provided information about Soviet
arms control issues as well as significant counterintelligence in-
formation. Arrested in 1986, shot in 1988.
Leonid Polishchuk (Weigh). KGB lieutenant colonel serving in
Nepal and Nigeria. Recruited in 1974. Arrested and executed
1986–1987.
Vladimir Potashov (Median). Research analyst, Institute of the
United States and Canada. Recruited in 1981. Arrested and sen-
tenced to 13 years in prison.
Gennady Smetanin (Million). GRU colonel serving abroad. Re-
cruited in 1983. Arrested (with his wife) on his return for home
leave in 1986. He was later shot.
Adolf Tolkachev (Sphere, Vanquished). Aircraft designer. Volun-
teered in 1979. Provided critical information about Soviet aircraft
and avionics. Arrested and shot in 1985–1987.
Gennady Varennik (Fitness). KGB lieutenant colonel serving in Bonn
under cover as a TASS correspondent. Recruited in 1987. Arrested
and shot in 1987–1988.
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