order, the PFIAB was to consist of no more than 14 members chosen
from among trustworthy and distinguished citizens outside the gov-
ernment who qualified based on achievement, experience, and inde-
pendence. The board was empowered to assess the quality, quantity,
and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of
counterintelligence, and other intelligence activities. In addition, the
executive order authorized the board to review, on a continual basis,
the performance of all agencies of the Federal government engaged
in the collection, evaluation, or production of intelligence or the ex-
ecution of intelligence policy. Furthermore, the order empowered the
board to assess the adequacy of management, personnel, and organi-
zation in the intelligence agencies and report its findings to the pres-
ident and advise him concerning the objectives, conduct, manage-
ment, and coordination of the various activities of the agencies of the
intelligence community (IC). Finally, the executive order gave
PFIAB the authority to advise and make recommendations to the di-
rector of central intelligence(DCI) and the intelligence community
on ways to achieve increased effectiveness in meeting national intel-
ligence needs. See alsoEXECUTIVE ORDER 12863.EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) 12863.Issued by President William J.
Clintonon 13 September 1993, EO 12863 superceded EO 12537by
reaffirming the role of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advi-
sory Board (PFIAB) in U.S. intelligence; increased its membership
from 14 to 16 renowned and influential experts; and made the hereto-
fore independent Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB) a standing
committee of the PFIAB. See alsoEXECUTIVE ORDER 12331.EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) 12958. Issued by President William J.
Clintonon 17 April 1995, EO 12958 prescribed a uniform system for
classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security infor-
mation. The executive order established the Information Security
Oversight Office to regulate the government’s security classification
system. It also instructed all federal agencies to release records that
were 25 years old or older. See alsoEXECUTIVE ORDER 13292.EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) 13292.Issued by President George W.
Bushon 25 March 2003, EO 13292 amends Executive Order 12958EXECUTIVE ORDER (EO) 13292•6705-398 (2) Dictionary.qxd 10/20/05 6:27 AM Page 67