Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

GOSS, PORTER (1938– ).Porter Goss has been director of central

intelligence (DCI) since 22 September 2004. President George W.

Bushnamed Goss DCI in August 2004 amid uncertainty and vigor-

ous debate over the future of U.S. intelligence in the aftermath of the

9/11 Commissionreport.

Goss spent 16 years in Congress, eight of those as chair of the House

Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI), during which

he investigated intelligence failures in the 1990s and the terrorist at-

tacks of 11 September 2001. Porter Goss champions better and en-

hanced human intelligence (HUMINT) collection and is an advocate

of a reasoned and gradual reform of the intelligence community (IC).

Aformer army intelligenceofficer from 1960 until 1962, Porter

Goss joined the Directorate of Operations (DO) of the Central In-

telligence Agency (CIA) in 1962 and conducted clandestine opera-

tions for over 10 years. Upon leaving the CIAin 1972, he embarked

on a career in local Florida politics until his election to the House of

Representatives in 1988.

GRAY PROPAGANDA.SeePROPAGANDA.

GREENHOW, ROSE O’NEAL (1817–1864).AConfederate spy dur-

ing the American Civil War, Rose Greenhow was a Washington,

D.C., socialite who elicited intelligence information from Union offi-

cials and officers. Her intelligence contributions are sketchy and were

probably short-lived, but some experts give her credit for providing

intelligence that enabled Confederate forces to win at the Battle of

First Bull Run. Allan Pinkertoncaught and imprisoned her at the be-

ginning of the war, releasing her in mid-1862. Rose O’Neal Greenhow

drowned in August 1864 while returning from a European trip.

GRU (GLAVNOYE RAZVEDYVATELNOYE UPRAULENYE). The

GRU is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces. Es-

tablished in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war, the

GRU was first subordinate to the KGBeven though the GRU was the

intelligence arm of the Soviet General Staff. Over time, the GRU

evolved to have its own intelligence collection networks abroad but was

required to share its information with the KGB. Rudolph Abel, a So-

viet spy in the United States during the 1950s, worked forthe GRU.

GRU (GLAVNOYE RAZVEDYVATELNOYE UPRAULENYE)•83

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