Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

parts abroad. In addition, the USIA’s goals were to increase under-

standing and acceptance of U.S. policies and American society by

foreign audiences; broaden dialogue between Americans and U.S. in-

stitutions and their counterparts overseas; and increase U.S. govern-

ment knowledge and understanding of foreign attitudes and their im-

plications for U.S. foreign policy.

The USIAoperated under its name until April 1978, when its func-

tions were consolidated with those of the Bureau of Educational and

Cultural Affairs of the Department of State. Following a brief pe-

riod during the Jimmy Carteradministration when it was called the

International Communications Agency (USICA), the agency’s name

was restored to USIAin August 1982. The Foreign Affairs and Re-

structuring Act abolished the USIAeffective 1 October 1999.

UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD (USIB).The United

States Intelligence Board provided executive oversight of intelligence

matters, including the estimative process, during the administration of

President Dwight D. Eisenhower. In 1956, President Eisenhower es-

tablished the President’s Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence

Activities. Shortly after it was formed, it issued a critical review of the

management of the intelligence community (IC) by the director of

central intelligence (DCI). In 1957, on the board’s recommendation,

President Eisenhower established the USIB as the single forum for all

intelligence chiefs to provide advice to the DCI on intelligence activ-

ities. President John F. Kennedychanged the USIB’s name to the

President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).

Following up on the recommendations in November 1971, Presi-

dent Richard M. Nixonissued a directive calling for improvements

in intelligence resource management as well as in intelligence analy-

sis. The directive made the DCI responsible for “planning, reviewing,

and evaluating all intelligence programs and activities and in the pro-

duction of national intelligence.” It also reconstituted the PFIAB not

only to advise but also to assist the DCI, and set up the intelligence

committee of the National Security Council (NSC) to coordinate

and to review intelligence activities.

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV). Unmanned aerial vehi-

cles are pilotless craft, operated remotely by ground controllers, that

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