WOOLSEY, R. JAMES, JR. (1941– ).The 16th director of central in-
telligence (DCI), serving between 5 February 1993 and 10 January
1995, James Woolsey became DCI with no experience in intelligence.
However, his previous positions had given him substantial policy ex-
perience, which Woolsey used to better the intelligence analyses. Prior
to becoming DCI, Woolsey served as ambassador to the Negotiation
on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), Vienna, 1989–1991;
undersecretary of the navy, 1977–1979; general counsel to the Senate
Committee on Armed Services (SASC), 1970–1973; and advisor to
the U.S. delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
I in Helsinki and Vienna, 1969–1970. In 1983, President Ronald Rea-
ganappointed James Woolsey a delegate at large to the U.S.-Soviet
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty talks (START) and Nuclear and
Space Arms Talks (NST) in Geneva, a position he held until 1986.WORLD WAR I (1914–1918). Known also as the Great War and the
War to End All Wars, World War I was sparked by imperial ambi-
tions, nationalistic fervor in the Balkans, and power politics among
the Great Powers. The global conflict was the first to mobilize and
employ stupendous numbers of soldiers in the field and to have enor-
mous casualty rates. Over nine million men reportedly died on the
battlefield, and nearly that many more people died on the home front
from food shortages, starvation, genocide, and being caught up in the
fighting. In addition, chemical weapons, widespread use of trench
warfare, and new and highly lethal conventional weapons, such as the
machine gun, made their debut during this conflict. The United States
was a latecomer to the conflict, entering the war in early 1917. U.S.
intelligence, which was virtually nonexistent at the time, had a small
and inconsequential role in supporting American forces in the field.
It also had a limited role in supporting American diplomats during the
peace conferences following the end of the war on 11 November- See alsoMILITARYINTELLIGENCE DIVISION.
WORLD WAR II (1939–1945). Also known as the Second World War,
this was the costliest and most extensive conflict in the history of hu-
man warfare. The global war was sparked by Nazi Germany’s leader,
Adolph Hitler, who sought to undo the humiliating surrender terms of
World War I, substantially increase Germany’s military power, andWORLD WAR II • 22105-398 (2) Dictionary.qxd 10/20/05 6:27 AM Page 221