Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

failed, the Nixon White House authorized the CIAto oust Allende from

office. General Augusto Pinochetoverthrew the Allende government

in a CIA-engineered military coup on 11 September 1973, and Allende

committed suicide soon thereafter. See also COVERT ACTION;

FUBELT(OPERATION); KISSINGER, HENRYA.; NATIONALSE-

CURITYDECISION MEMORANDUM 93.

ALL SOURCE ANALYSIS SYSTEM (ASAS).ASAS is a computer-

ized battlefield intelligence collection system developed by the Jet

Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of Pasadena, California, and operated

by Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM). The

system receives intelligence information by radio or from battlefield

sensors, analyzes it, and provides real-time results to tactical com-

manders. The army first used the system in the 1991 Persian Gulf

War by employing more than a dozen workstations in the battlefield.

See alsoTACTICALINTELLIGENCE.

AL QAI’DA.Also commonly referred to as al Qaeda, it is an umbrella

organization of worldwide terrorist groups that espouse jihad(or holy

war) against the West, or what Islamists call “the Jews and cru-

saders.” Formed by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to bring together

Arabs and other Muslims fighting in Afghanistanagainst the Soviet

occupation, al Qai’da’s goal is to establish a pan-Islamic state

throughout the world by overthrowing “non-Islamic” regimes and

expelling Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries.

Its long-term strategy calls for the use of force as a preferred

method. Al Qai’da has been implicated in numerous terrorists acts,

such as the 1993 bombings of the World Trade Center in New York

City, the assassination plot against Pope John Paul II in 1994, the

plan to hijack American commercial airliners over the Pacific in

1995, the bombings of U.S. embassies in Africa in August 1998, the

attack on the USS Coleon 12 October 1999, the terrorist attacks of

11 September 2001, and the bombings of two synagogues in Istan-

bul, Turkey, on 15 November 2003.

AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE COMMAND (AIC). Established in

the summer of 1942 by the Military Intelligence Division (MID), AIC

was an effort to establish a series of intelligence-gathering networks in

AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE COMMAND•5

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