Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

Stateand elements of the White House, such as the National Secu-

rity Council (NSC). ACIS remains the principal coordinating mech-

anism for requirements on arms control intelligence issues.

ARMY INTELLIGENCE. SeeARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SE-

CURITYCOMMAND.

ARMY INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (AINTA).SeeARMYINTEL-

LIGENCE AND SECURITYCOMMAND.

ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND

(INSCOM). Established on 1 January 1977, INSCOM is responsible

for fielding intelligence assets in support of combat commanders. It

provides threat assessmentsas well as training for contingency op-

erations that range from war fighting to peacekeeping operations.

INSCOM originally combined the Army Security Agency (ASA),

the Army Intelligence Agency(AINTA), and the various intelligence

production agencies falling under the army chief of staff. The Army

Security Agency was the latest successor to the War Department’s Ci-

pher Bureau within the Military Intelligence Division (MID), in

which Herbert O. Yardley, a pioneer in American cryptology, had

played an important role. Its immediate successor, the ArmySignals

Intelligence Corps, broke the Purplecipher system that carried the

most secret Japanese diplomatic messages. On 15 September 1945,

the U.S. Army Security Agency (USASE) came into being to conduct

army signals intelligence (SIGINT) and communications security

(COMSEC) until its incorporation into INSCOM in 1977.

The Army Intelligence Agency had its genesis in World War I

counterintelligenceoperations within the United States. It evolved

into the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) after the Japanese attack

on Pearl Harboron 7 December 1941, with its personnel functioning

as plainclothes investigators on the home front and abroad. In 1961, the

CIC was folded into the Intelligence Corps, which gathered positive

intelligencein addition to conducting counterintelligence. On 1 July

1965, the Department of Defense(DOD) disbanded the CIC and es-

tablished the Army Intelligence Command (USAINTC), which, over

time, acquired human intelligence (HUMINT), imagery intelligence

(IMINT), counterintelligence, and other capabilities. The Defense

ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND•9

05-398 (2) Dictionary.qxd 10/20/05 6:27 AM Page 9