this action would serve to unsettle the boundary lines between science
and science, to destroy the harmony which binds them together(lines
12–14). Thus the knowledge received would be skewed; it would
tel[l] a different talewhen it is not viewed as a portion of a whole
(lines 16–17).
- b.The first sentence of the second paragraph shows that its pur-
pose is to further develop the idea in the first by way of exam-
ple. Newman writes, Let me make use of an illustration(line
19)—an illustration that further demonstrates how one’s under-
standing of an idea changes in relation to the other ideas
around it.
- a. Here apprehendsis used to mean understands. In this paragraph,
the author describes what it is the university student would
learn from his or her professors.
- c. Throughout the passage, Newman argues that the branches of
knowledge are interrelated and should be studied in combina-
tion and in relation to each other. He argues against focusing on
one science or discipline, and he states that the university stu-
dent apprehends the great outlines of knowledge(line 50), suggesting
that he understands the broad issues in many subject areas.
- b. At the beginning of the third paragraph, Newman states that it
is a great point then to enlarge the range of studies which a University
professes(lines 35–36) and that students would be best served by
living among those and under those who represent the whole circle
(lines 38–39) of knowledge. He argues that students will learn
from the atmosphere created by their professors who adjust
together the claims and relations of their respective subjectsand who
learn to respect, to consult, to aid each other(lines 43–45).
- b.The passage defines panopticonin lines 7–8: a place in which
everything is in full view of others. The second paragraph repeats
this definition in lines 13–14: every prisoner’s cell would be in full
view of the guards.
- a. In the third paragraph, the author states that people behave differ-
ently when they know they are being watched(lines 20–21)—and
that when we are being watched, or even think we are being
watched, we will act the way we think we should act when we are
being observed by others(lines 24–25). Thus, the panopticon
would be a useful tool for social control. If prisoners know they
may be being watched by guards, it is logical to conclude that
they are less likely to commit any wrongdoings; thus, the
panopticon helps maintain order.
