NOTESTO PAGES53-56 249
duringtheEarlyMonthsoftheFirstWorldWar," inThe Originsofthe First World
War:Great Power RivalryandGermanWarAims,231-32.
23.See FO,"MemorandumontheDepositionofKhedive,AbbasHilmiPasha,and
theLiquidationofhisPropertyinEgypt,"15Jan. 1924,PRO/FO37I/14638/En646;and
Storrs,124.
24.Notetheextensivereportbytheex-khedive'sAustrianconfidant,Dr.Rudolf
Amster,inZimmermanntotheGermanembassyinConstantinople, 26 Oct.1915,
NARA/T-I37/136/07n-I3·
25.Wangenheimto AA, 22 Aug. 1914,PAjWKNr.ng/Bd.I.
26.Memo,Austro-HungarianembassyinBerlin, 3 Sept.1914,NARA/T-I37/136/
0390;andWangenheimto AA, 28, 29 Aug.and 4 Sept.1914,PAjWKNr.ng/Bd.I.
- SeeGrantDuff(Britishministerin Bern) to Grey, 28 Nov.1914,PRO/FO371/
1966/78320;Oppenheim,"G.A.,"23 Nov.1914;AA toWangenheim, 7 Oct.1914,PAl
WKNr.ng/Bd.3;Rombergto AA, 28 Aug. 1914,PAjWKNr.ng/Bd.I;andGershoni
andJankowski,Egypt, Islam,andthe Arabs, 25.
28.SubsequentlyWangenheiminformedthe AAthatonlythesonsoftheshaykhs,
nottheshaykhsthemselves,haddeliveredthegiftsandmessages.NoteWangenheim
to AA,3, 4,and 5 Sept.1914;Athenslegationto AA, 2Sept.1914,PAjWKNr.ng/Bd.I;
Dr.PaulKruckrnanntoZimmermann, 23 Sept.1914,PAlWKNr.ng/Bd.2;andMuller,
24 0-41.
29.BethmannHollwegto AA,4Sept.1914,NARA/microcopyT-I49(GermanFor-
eignMinistryArchives,1867-1920,AmericanHistoricalAssociationCommitteefor
theSrudyofWarDocuments)/reel 397/frame0326;andZechlin,"CabinetversusEco-
nomicWarfare,"238.
30.BethmannHollwegtoConstantinopleembassy, 7 Sept.1914,YaleUniversity
Library,ManuscriptsandArchives(SterlingMemorialLibrary),NewHaven,Conn.
(hereafterYUL)/ErnstJiickhPapers/boxr/folderIO.
31.KonradH.Jarausch,TheEnigmaticChancellor:BethmannHollwegandthe
HubrisofImperialGermany,196;Herwig,First World War,19,117;Fischer,Germany's
Aims,I04,I09-IO;Rathmann,StossrichtungNahost,99-IOI;andDavidStevenson,
First World WarandInternationalPolitics,90-91.
32.ZimmermanntoGermanembassyConstantinople,25 Aug. 1914;AA to em-
bassy, 28 Aug.1914,PAjWKNr.ng/Bd.I;andPrufer'swardiary,"Krieg,1914-1918,"
HooverInstitutiononWar,Revolution,andPeace,StanfordUniversity,PaloAlto,
Calif.(hereafterHIWRP)/CurtPruferPapers.See also, McKale,CurtPriiter,28-33.
33.Prufer,"Krieg,"entryfor 4Sept.1914,HIWRP/PriiferPapers.Manyofthedivi-
sions,rivalries,andfearswhichPrufernotedandthatcharacterizedtheGermanalli-
ancewithTurkeyandwareffortintheMiddleEastarediscussedinTrumpener,
GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,22-37(andespeciallybetweenWangenheimand
Liman,73-79).
- SeePrufer,"Krieg,"entriesfor5-6Sept.1914,HIWRP/PriiferPapers;and"Fur-
therInterrogationofLieutenantMors,"n.d.,GreatBritain,FO,CorrespondenceRe-
spectingEventsLeadingto theRuptureofRelationswith Turkey,NovemberI9I4,
73-74(doc. no.181).
35.Prufer,"Krieg,"entryfor 6Sept.1914,HIWRP/PriiferPapers.
36.Ibid.,entryfor 7 Sept.1914;andPrufer'sreport,GermanembassyConstantinople
to AA,7 Sept.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2.
