250 NOTESTO PAGES56-61
37.BethmannHollwegtoConstantinopleembassy,7 Sept.1914,YUL/JackhPa-
pers/r/ro,
38.Wangenheimto AA,9Sept.1914,NARA/T-137/136/0403;andTrumpener,Ger-
manyandtheOttomanEmpire,37-38.
39.Mannesmann'sapproachto the ArabsnotonlyproducedproteststoBerlin
fromItalyandAustria-Hungary,whichworriedabouttheneighboringItaliansjoin-
ingtheEntente,butalsodrewtheattentionoftheBritish.See FO to SirRennell
Rodd(ambassadorin Rome), 24Sept.1914,PRO/FO371/1971/S2791;andAustro-Hun-
garianembassyBerlin,"Notiz,"3Sept.194,NA/T-137/S/0331.AlsonoteSektionPolitik,
"DerK.MilitarattacheinRomtelegraphiertanStellv.GrossenGeneralstab.,"3 Sept.
1914;andFlotowto AA, 29 Aug.1914,NARA/T-137/143/0400,038S,respectively. Re-
gardingtheperpetualItalian-Sanussihostilities,see E. E.Evans-Pritchard,TheSanusi
ofCyrenaica,nS-21.
40.Prufer,"Krieg,"entriesfor 3,12,and 13 Sept.1914,HIWRP/PrtiferPapers;and
"FurtherInterrogationofLieutenantMors," n.d., FO,Correspondence,73 (doc. no.
181).
41.Prufer,"Krieg,"entryfor 8Sept.1914,HIWRP/PrtiferPapers;andA.P. Wavell,
The PalestineCampaigns,24-2S.
42.Rathmann,StossrichtungNabost,120;andBethmannHollwegto AA,14Sept.
1914,NARA/T-137/136/0413.
43.JagowtoZimmermann,12 Sept.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2;Trumpener,Ger-
manyandtheOttomanEmpire,37-38;andWallach,Anatomie,16S.
44.JagowtoZimmermann, 6 Sept.1914,NARA/T-137/s/033S;andJagowto
Zimmermann,ISSept.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2.
4S.Wallach,Anatomie,191-92;FriedrichFreiherrKressvonKressensrein,Mitden
TiirkenzumSuezkanel,27-41;UlrichTrumpener,"GermanOfficersintheOttoman
Empire,1880-1918:SomeCommentsonTheirBackgrounds,Functions,andAccom-
plishments,"inGermanyandtheMiddleEast,I83S-I939,ed.JehudaL.Wallach,38-
43;andontheappointmentofKressensteinandPruferto VIIICorps,Wangenheim
to AA,20 Sept.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2.
46.Notetherequestforthemapsin Reichnavaloffice toLangwerthvonSimmern
(AA),16Sept.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2.
47.Prufer,"Krieg,"entriesfor 20Sept.through19 Oct.1914,HIWRP/PrtiferPa-
pers;andonthenumerouscontactsmentionedbyPrufer,DjemalPasha,Memories
ofaTurkishStatesman,I9I3-I9I9,137-49.
- AA toWangenheim,14 Oct.1914,PA/WKNr.ng/Bd.2;andPrufer,"Krieg,"
entriesfor4-S,8,IS,23,2S-27,29 Oct.andINov. 1914,HIWRP/PrtiferPapers.
49.JagowtothePrussianministerofculture, 12 Sept.1914,NARA/T-137/143/0036,
askingfortheculturalministrytoprovidesuitableGermanandforeignpersonsto
dotranslations.NotealsoRathmann,StosstichtungNehost,184.
So.Regardingthe close tiesdevelopedbeforethe war byGermanagentsin Abyssinia
totheyoungpro-Muslimemperor,Lij Iyasu, see vonSyburg(Germanministerin
AddisAbaba)to AA,20 Dec.1913,NARAjT-137/14/0041;HaroldG.Marcus,AHistory
ofEthiopia,n3-14;RichardGreenfield,Ethiopia: ANewPoliticalHistory,134;and
RobertL.Hess,Ethiopia: TheModernizationofAutocracy,62.
S1.See above,chapter2.
- Asexamples,noteJuliusLoyrvedHardegg(GermanconsulinHaifaandad-
