256 NOTESTO PAGES83-88precipitateacollisionwiththeTurksandalsowiththeShaykhofMuhammarah.- SeeWesendonk,"G.A," 13 Oct.1914,containingBallin'smemoofthesame
day("GanzGeheim!");Oppenheim,"AnschalgaufdieOlquellenamKarun.," 30 Sept.
1914;Oppenheim,"G.A,"IOcr.1914;andOppenheim,"G.A,"8 Ocr.1914,NARA/T-
137/142/0241-43,0221,0228,respectively.
61.Wangenheimto AA,17Oct.1914;andJagowtoConstantinopleembassy, 8 Oct.
1914,NARA/T-137/142/0246,0229,respectively.
62.Jagow(atGeneralStaffheadquarters)to AA, 4 Nov. 1914;Jagow,"G.A," 20
Ocr. 1914;andAA toConstantinopleembassy,27 Oct. 1914, NARA/T-137/142/0268,
0247-48,0253,respectively,Themajoraccountsoftheformationofthe Klein mis-
siondonotdiscussthegroup'sorigins;seeGehrke,Persieti,1:1:27-28;andKroger,
37 8-79.
63.OnShakespear,seeBusch,Britain, India,andthe Arabs,232;andLacey,114.
AlsonoteMoberly,1:87; LlewellynWoodward,GreatBritainandtheWarofI914-
I9I8,99-101;andPaulGuinn,BritishStrategyandPolitics,I914-I9I8,43-44.
64.ThedebateisoutlinedinCohen,298-300,303-4,whichalsoprovidesthebest
briefaccountofthelandingoftheIEF D inMesopotamia.See,too,onBritain's
motivesforsendingtheforce to theGulf,Busch,Britain, India,andthe Arabs, 3-8,
10-12. - Seeabove,chapter2.
66.Wesendonk,"G.A,"10,IINov.1914,NARA/T-137/142/0296, 0266, 0304, respec-
tively.TheAAprovidedfourhundredthousandmarksforKlein'sexpedition.Also,
noteGehrke,Persien,1:1:27-28.
67.Theliteraturehereisextensive;thebestincludesGeoffreyLewis,"TheOtto-
manProclamationofJihadin1914,"157-63;Hagen,3-4;Landau,99-100;Trumpener,
GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,50-62,Il7-18;Larcher,44-48;andAntonius,
14 0-41.
68.Gehrke,Persien,1:1:33;andforthedefinitionofulama,Ovendale,303.
69.Wallach,Anatomie,167-68;DjemalPasha,137-38;andPrufer,"Krieg,"entry
for 20 Nov.1914,HIWRP/PriiferPapers.
70.Fischer,Germany'sAims,184-88.
71.QuotedinTrumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,lI8. AlsonoteLt.
vonJanson(Constantinople)tojackh,13 Ocr. 1914,YUL/]ackhPapers/r/a,which
claimedtheholywarwouldendBritain's"worlddomination";andWangenheimto
BethmannHollweg,30 Nov.1914,NARA/T-137/23/0296.
72.Landau,126-27.
73.Oppenheim,"VorschlagewegenBesetzungderinmeinerDenkschrifterwahnten
neuenoderneuzubesetzendenPostenfurdenNachrichtendienstetc.," 20 Nov.1914;
andOppenheimtoZimmermann,13 Nov. 1914,NARA/T-120/4949/L365619-620,
L365475-476,respectively. - Dr.TheodorWeber(dragomanattheConstantinopleembassy),"Abschrift,
31.12.14.,"YUL/]ackhPapers/r/rx;andQuadt(ambassadorto Greece) to AA, 28 Dec.
1914,NARA/T-m/23/0438.
75.WarministrytoReichtreasuryoffice,6 Dec. 1914;andZimmermannto
Constantinopleembassy,10 Dec. 1914,NARA/T-137/23/0287,0315.
76.Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,70-71.
77.WebertoOppenheim,6 Dec. 1914,NARA/T-137/143/0057.
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