274 NOTESTO PAGES160-165
31.Sykes,"Memorandum,"28 Oct.1915,in Sykes toMajorCallwell, 15Nov.1915,
PRO/FO882/13/MIS/15/16.
32."NoteonArabMovement,"containedin WO todirector,militaryoperations,
21 Nov.1915,PRO/FO882/2/AP/15/18.Regardingtheoppositionofthe10,noteBusch,
Britain,India,andthe Arabs, 64-100.
33.WingatetoClayton,15Nov.1915,PRO/FO882/12/KH/15/16.
34.ClaytontoWingate,22 Nov.1915,PRO/FO882/12/IND/15/2,whichstatedthat
theAgaKhanwas"notwell-disposedtowardsanArabKhaliphate[sic],andthatit
wouldcausegreattroubleinIndia,ifwegotmixedup insuchamovement."Also see
Adelson,193-94.
35.Dawn,FromOttomanismtoArabism,31;Kedourie,EnglandandtheMiddle
East,56-57;Fromkin,185-89; Zeine,n6;Adelson,193-94;andontheBritishpromises
todeliverweaponsat thebeginningofr916tothesharif,Antonius,191-92.
- Lacey,124.
- WO,"IntelligenceSummaryforPeriodfrom7thDecemberto 14thInclusive,"
PRO/WO157/698.
- WO,"IntelligenceSummary,"25 Dec.1915,PRO/WO157/698;andMcMahon
to FO, 7and21Dec.1915,PRO/FO371/2357/195078,196°95.
39.See LordDrogheda,"MemorandumonTurkishPeaceOvertures,"20 Nov.1917,
PRO/FO371/3057/222199;andabove,n6.
40.Notethe 10 minurebyHirtzel,3 Dec.1915,IOLR/L/P&S/n/101.
41.Busch,Britain,India,andthe Arabs,81-89, 100-2;Adelson,186-87, 193,194;
Kedourie,ChathamHouseVersion,20-21;andFromkin,170-72.
42.Adelson,196-97.
43.Noteabove,chapter6.
44.Guinn,British Strategy,131-32,notesthatinJanuary 1916 almosttwohundred
thousandBritishtroopswere to befoundin Egypt,Mesopotamia,andSalonika.
Maxwell,accordingtoFarnie,539,fearingaGallipoliin reverse in theSuezCanal
zone,hadaskedforthirteendivisionstodefendEgyptagainstapossibleonslaught
by25°,000Turks.
45.Guinn,BritishStrategy,132.Larcher,617,estimatesthatthemaximumnum-
berofBritishforcespresentatonetimeduringthewaronGallipoliwas 127,000, in
Egypt-Syria432,000,andMesopotamia447,000.Muhlmann,90,claimsthatduring
1915 EgyptandtheDardanellesbetweenthemtieddownfivehundredthousandBrit-
ishtroops.MacmunnandFalls,MilitaryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,371,observes,
"DuringtheGallipolicampaignthehigh-watermark,includingtroopsonthe is-
landsandintheEgyptianbases, waslittleabove200,000."AccordingtoGilbert,First
World War,205,theBritishkeptahundredthousandtroopsinEgypttoprotect
against"apossibleGerman-ledTurkishattackontheSuezCanal."Thenumberof
Egyptiantroops,mostofthemstationedintheSudan,wasroughlythirteenthou-
sand;seeAntonius,136.
46.GoodsummariesareHerwig,"Luxury"Fleet,154-55;andKeegan, 130-31.
47.Wallach,Anatomie,187-88.Regardingthemajorconflictsbetweenthem,see
Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,chapters3, 6-10.
48.ThesourcesdisagreeonthedateofWangenheim'sdeath.See Weber, 159,163-
67;Pomiankowski,175-76;Friedman,Germany, Turkey,andZionism,260, 273;and
Dadrian,207, 425.
