NOTESTO PAGES197-201 2831916,NARA/T-149/403/0066,0212.ThedragomenwereAlphonseLedoulxofFrance
andAndreasN.MandelstamofRussia,bothofwhomhadonceservedattheirem-
bassiesinConstantinople.
127.RombergtoBethmannHollweg,24 Aug.and6 Oct.1916;Marum,"Aufzeich-
nung,"21Aug.1916;andZimmermannto Bernlegation,24 Aug. 1916,NARA/T-149/
403/0415, 0510, 0436-38,°4°8-°9,respectively.
128.RegardingBritain'ssuspicionsofSabaheddin,noteArabBulletin,6(23June
1916):50,PRO/FO882/25;andDrogheda,"MemorandumonTurkishPeaceOvertures,"
20 Nov.1917,preparedfortheWarCabinet,PRO/FO371/3057/222199.
129.ThelatterincludedAugustdeCandolle,amemberofthelocalBritishconsu-
lategeneral;andH.Parodi,therepresentativeoftheEgyptianeducationministry.
RegardingtheBritishnetwork,see above, II9.OnParodiandCandolIe,noteRom-
bergtoBethmannHollweg,27 Oct.1916,NARA/T-149/403/0562-63;anddeCandolle
toDuff,4 May1916,PRO/FO371/2666/71394.
130.Rombergto AA,IMar.1916,NARA/T-149/402/0738;andRombergtoBethmann
Hollweg,2 Nov.1916,NARA/T-149/403/0581.
131.Forexample,noteRombergtoBethmannHollweg,4 May 1916,NARA/T-149/
4°2/0823-24;andBernlegationtoBethmannHollweg, 28 July1916,NARA/T-149/403/
032 5.
132.On 18 Julythe FOdecidedto"letmattersresttilltheKhedivemakesfurther
overtures."See FO toMcMahon, 28 June1916;FO toMcMahon, 18 Julyr916;andFO,
minutes, 3 July1916,PRO/FO371/2672/124192,137277, 127635,respectively.
133.Zimmermann,memo,20 Apr.1916;Marum,"Aufzeichnung,"10 May1916,
NARA/T-137/137/0II5-16,0129;RombergtoBethmannHollweg,19Apr.1916,contain-
ing amemoonthemeetingofanofficialattheGermanlegationin Bernwiththeex-
khedive,NARA/T-149/402/0776-77;Weber, 180;andLandau,106.
134.See"Switzerland,"Arab Bulletin)14(7Aug.1916):143,PRO/FO882/25.
135.Tschirschkyto Jagow, 6July1916,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 38.
136.AA toFalkenhayn,12Aug.1916;WolffMetternichto AA, 21 and 23 July1916;
andWesendonk,"G.A.,"IJuly1916,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 38.
137.Marum,"Aufzeichnung,"4 Nov.1916;andRombergtoBethmannHollweg, 10
Nov. 1916,NARA/T-137/137/0249-50, 0256. Also,notemilitaryintelligenceBern, re-
portno. 02555, 13 Nov. 1916,IOLR/L/P&S/1O/467.Regardingthespy"Bernard,"who
workedforanotherBritishagentinSwitzerland,SomersetMaugham,seeAndrew,
152.
138.Moberly,371-105;andGilbert,First WorldWar)312.
139.Rumboldto FO, 14July1917,IOLR/L/P&S/1O/467;Rumboldto FO, 20 Dec.
1916;FO toRumbold,28 Nov.1916;Rumboldto FO, 12Dec. 1916,PRO/FO371/2672/
258482,251857,and254982,respectively;andJames,GoldenWarrior,81.
9.TOWARDAN ALLIED VICTORY, 1917
I.ThebasichistoriesincludeGuinn,191-96,217-23;Woodward,IIO-II,117-20;
MacmunnandFalls,MilitaryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,242-373;}ames,Riseand
Fallofthe British Empire,363-64Gilbert,FirstWorldWar)312-13;Cyril Falls,Arma-
geddon:1918,9-14;Stevenson,180-81; Yapp, 286;andKinross,608.
2.Wallach,Anatomie,238-39;andTrumpener,"GermanOfficers," 39.