284 NOTESTOPAGES201-205
3.Hagen,29;andonthedeclineofSaidHalim'spoweralreadyduring 1915 and
1916,Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,123-26.
4.Fischer,Germany'sAims,583-86.
5.Kuhlmannto AA, 19Jan.1917;Wesendonktoembassy,14 Mar.1917;Pruferto
HeinrichRottger(anofficialinGermanindustry'smostpowerfulassociation,the
GeneralFederationofGermanIndustrialists),16 Feb.1917;PrufertoWesendonk, 16
Feb.1917;andKuhlmanntoBethmannHollweg,I May1917,NARA/T-I40/476/0384-
88,0425,0398,0399-400,0435,respectively. Also seeOppenheim,"DieNachrichtenstelle
der KaiserlichDeurschenBotschaftinKonstantinopelunddiedeutschewirrschaftliche
Propagandain derTurkei";Rathmann,StosstichtungNahost,191-93;andMcKale,
CurtPriiter, 50-52.
6.Prufer,"Vertraulich,"12Apr.1917,NARA/T-I49/365/0400-I;andMcKale, "Ger-
manyandthe ArabQuestion,"244-45.
- McKale,"GermanyandtheArabQuestion,"245.
8.Muhlmann,157-69;andCyril Falls,TheHistoryoftheGreat War,pt. I,Military
OperationsEgypt&Palestine fromJuneI9I7to theEndofthe War,2-6.
9.Kuhlmannto AA, 23 Feb.1917,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 41;andWallach,Anatomie,
208-212.
IO.Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire, 156-57.
II.Theotherissues,forexample,werethePorte'sresistancetounrestrictedJewish
immigrationandcolonizationrightsinPalestine,andalso theTurkishdemand,pre-
sentedbyTalaatduringavisittoBerlininMarch1917,thatGermanysignnotreary
thatwouldrestorethecapitulations,whoseabolitiontheGermanshadagreedto in
January1917.SeeFriedman,Germany, Turkey,andZionism,283-306;andTrumpener,
GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,130,157.
12.AusefulsummaryofthesporadicandunsuccessfulTurkisheffortsduring
1917 and 1918 atapproachingHusaynisBernstorfftoGeorgCountvonHerding(Ger-
manchancellor), 19 July1918,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 42.
13.LoytvedHardeggtoBethmannHollweg,5Jan.1917,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 41.
14.James,Golden Warrior,176-77; Falls,MilitaryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,
1:236-37;Stewart,163;Antonius,2II;andDawn,"InfluenceofT.E. Lawrence," 76.
IS.KuhlmanntoBethmannHollweg, 31 Jan.1917,PA/TiirkeiI65/Bd.41.
16.Kuhlmannto AA,20, 23 Feb.1917,PA/TiirkeiI65/Bd.41.
17.Themostextensiveaccusationis inKuhlmannto AA,25 Apr.1917,PA/Tiirkei
165/Bd·42.
18.Wesendonk,"G.A,"13Mar.1917,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 41;andMacmunnand
Falls,MilitaryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,738.
19.MuriustoBethmannHollweg,19Mar.1917,PA/TiirkeiI65/Bd.41.
20.RosslertoKuhlmann,2 May,1917,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 42.
21.ArabBureauto DMI, 17Jan.1917,PRO/WO33/905;and"Arabia. Hejaz.Sum-
maryofNews,"ArabBulletin,37(4Jan.1917):4,PRO/FO882/26.
22.See, forexample,Hirtzel,"BritishInterstsin Arabia. B.247.,"20Jan.1917,PROf
FO371/3055/132784;andCapt.N. N.E.Bray(IndianarmyofficerarIidda),"ANoteon
theMohammedanQuestion.ItsBearingonEventsinIndiaandArabia.TheFuture
oftheGreatIslamicRevival NowThatTurkeyCeases to BethePoweronWhichthe
HopesoftheMoslemWorldWerePlaced.,"25Mar.1917,given by the ArabBureauto
theFO,PRO/FO37I/3057/I03481.
