288 NOTESTO PAGES216-221
theendof1916,NARA/T-149/399/0570-71.RegardingthearrestofIgelandcaptureof
hispapers,see above, 190.
74·Dignan,57-58, 74·
75.Wesendonk,"Abschrift," 18 July1917,NARA/T-149/399/0867.
76.BernlegationtoBethmannHollweg,16Mar.1917;RombergtoBethmannHollweg,
23Mar.1917,NARA/T-I49/403/0821, 0864;andAAto Bernlegation,16Apr.1917,NARA/
T-I49/399/0634-35. ForGifford'sbackgroundandrecruitmentby theGermans,note
RombergtoBethmannHollweg, 22 Aug.1915,NARA/T-I49/402/0585-89.
77.Datta(generalsecretaryofthecommittee)toHerding,30 Nov.1917,NARA/T-
149/400/0196-203.
78.ThestandardworkonGermanwarobjectives,especiallythoseofthearmyby
1917-1918regardingAsiaandtheMiddleEast, isstillFischer,Germany'sAims,chap-
ters 16-18, 20. Also, seeHerwig,First World War,374, 382-83.
- SeeGuinn,chapters9-10;andStevenson,139-95. AlsotheBritishfinally an-
nouncedinDecember 1917 thattheyhadclearedtheenemyoutofhislastAfrican
colony;Farwell,317-18.
- SeeGuinn,283,whichquotesfromtheprimeminister'sspeechtoParlia-
menton 20 December1917,abouttheimportancetotheBritishEmpireofthecap-
tureofBaghdadandJerusalem.Inaddition,noteJames,RiseandFalloftheBritish
Empire, 364.
81.Nevakivi, 48.
82.Thefeelers aresummarizedinDrogheda,"MemorandumonTurkishPeace
Overtures,"20 Nov.1917,preparedfortheWarCabinet,PRO/FO371/3057/222199.
83.Seethestandardworkonthesubject,Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttoman
Empire,158-66;andFromkin,266-67.Also theBritishnotedthewish by theTurksto
placepressureonGermany;Rumboldto FO,PRO/FO371/3388/10743.
84.ThisbizarreepisodeisdocumentedinPRO/FO371/3057/195257and198834.
85.Trumpener,GermanyandtheOttomanEmpire,165.
86.RumboldtoFO, 27July1917,IOLR/L/P&S/n/125.
- Forthisreason,inJulySykeshadassistedtheFrenchandZionistsinhalting
thepeacemissiontoTurkeyofHenryMorgemhau,theformerAmericanambassa-
dortothePorte.NoteAdelson,234-35;WingatetoFO,IJuly1917;FO toSpringRice
(BritishambassadorinWashington), 19 July1917;andtheextensive"Memorandum
By SirMarkSykes," 29July1917,PRO/FO371/3057/130633,138184,149776.
88.Sykes to SirMauriceHankey(secretarytotheWarCabinet),14Nov.1917,PROf
FO371/3057/225559.
- FO toRumbold,21Dec.1917,PRO/FO371/3057/241322.Also seeGuinn,277.
- "We are veryanxioustosecurepeacewithTurkey,"the FOinformedthemin-
isteronIJanuary1918,PRO/FO371/3057/245518.
91.RumboldtoFO, 16and24Jan.1918,PRO/FO371/3388/10743,16415.
- EPILOGUE: THE WAR'S END, 1918
1.Bernstorffto AA,19Jan.1918,PA/Tiirkei165/Bd. 42. Also seeDawn,"Influence
ofT.E.Lawrence,"79.
2.DuringMarchandApril1918,OttomanforcesinvadedTranscaucasia,causing
conflictwiththeGermans,who also viewedcentralAsia as a field forfutureexpan-
