BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACommentonArchivalSources
Muchofthisstudyisbasedonlargecollectionsofunpublishedrecords
frombeforeandduringWorldWarI, inGerman,British,andAmerican
archives.OntheGermanside,thebulkofthedocumentsusedarefrom
theGermanforeignministryiAuswtirtigesArnt,AA).Asubstantialpor-
tionofitsrecordsfrom1867 to 1920 havebeenmicrofilmed,withmost
ofthefilmslocatedintheNationalArchivesandRecordsAdministra-
tion,Washington,D.C. (NARA).Thesesourceswerefilmedby ajoint
Anglo-AmericanandFrenchteamintheUnitedKingdomas well as by
severaluniversitiesandotherinstitutionsbothintheUnitedKingdom
andintheUnitedStates.Microfilmsusedinthisstudyarecitedaccord-
ingtotheirmicrocopy,reel,andframenumbers(e.g.,T-137/143/0423).
ThemajorcollectionoftheserecordsfortheMiddleEastismicro-
copyT-137(filmedbytheUniversityofMichigan).Itcontainsmateri-
alsonGermanpan-Islamicandanti-Britishactivitiesbeforeanddur-
ingWorldWarI inTurkey(includingSyria,Arabia,andMesopotamia),
Egypt,Libya(theSanussis),Persia,andAfghanistan.Also,interspersed
throughoutthecollectionis amodest,butuseful,amountofcorre-
spondenceduringWorldWarIbetweentheAAandhighestofficesof
theGermanarmyandnavy. Fewsucharmyrecords(whichcomefrom
thereservesectionoftheGermanGeneralStaff,responsiblefororga-
nizingthearmy'spoliticaloperationsinforeigncountries),survived
WorldWarII.
A lesssubstantial,butneverthelesscrucial,collectionforthisstudy
ismicrocopyT-I49(filmedbytheAmericanHistoricalAssociation);it
containswarrecordsontheAA'sInformationService fortheEast(NfdO)
andonGermanoperationsinSwitzerland,Persia,andAfghanistan,and
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