48 WARBYREVOLUTIONruledWangenheimandorderedhimtoopennegotiationswiththe
Porte.'DuringtheensuingdiscussionswiththeYoungTurkfaction,
thekaiserbecame,inthewordsoftheGermanhistorianFritzFischer,
the"emperorasrevolutionary."WilhelmIIreturnedto hisprewar
fixationonusingpan-Islamismas atoolofwar,mainlybecausehe
seemedconcernedwithBritainasmuchaswithRussiaandFrance.
Hebelievedthatboththecontinuedauthorityofhismonarchyat
homeandGermany'srise toworldpowerdependedonthedestruc-
tionoftheBritishEmpire."
On 30 Julyheexpressedevenmoreclearlyhisplanforrevolution
againstBritainandforexpandingtherevoltbeyondsimplyameans
ofwarfare.Nowheenvisionedit as ameansofdismantlingtheBrit-
ishEmpire.HescribbledonadiplomaticdispatchfromRussia:"Our
consulsinTurkeyandIndia,agents,etc.,mustinflamethewhole
Mohammedanworldtowildrevoltagainstthishateful,lying, con-
sciencelesspeopleofhagglers;forifwe are to bebledtodeath,at
leastEnglandshalllose India."?Inpart,therefore,Germanynegoti-
atedwiththeTurkswiththeintentionofusingthemtoproducea
pan-Islamicmovementthatwouldbeginwithaholywarproclaimed
bythePorteagainstBritainandits allies.
On 2 AugusttheGerman-Turkishdiscussionsresultedin asecret
treatybetweenthetwostates.InthepacttheTurksagreedtointer-
veneonGermany'ssideifthelatterandRussiawentto war overthe
Austro-HungarianandSerbianconflict(aneventualitythatinfact
hadalreadyhappened);inreturnGermanyobligateditselftoprotect
theterritorialintegrityoftheOttomanEmpire.WiththeTurkish
treatyconcludedandwithBritain'sentryintothewarimminent,sev-
eralofthehighestofficialsintheGermangovernmentimmediately
beganimplementingthekaiser'sambitiouspolicyofwagingwar
againstBritainbyincitinginsurrectionsamongitsMuslimsubjects
inEgyptandIndia.
Moltke,thechiefofstaff,approvedfullyoftheplaninlettersto
theGermanforeignministryon 2 and 5 August,thesecondone-full
ofbitternesspromptedbyBritain'sdeclarationofwar-urgingthe
ministrytoincitethefanaticismofIslam.Intheministry,Jagowand
hisunder-secretary,Zimmermann,whosesterndemeanorandstrong
supportoftheReich'sOrientalandpro-Turkishpolicymadehim