Notes 169
1850--1940, C. Emsley and B. Weinberger (eds) (New York: Greenwood Press,
1991), pp. 74-89.
- The term 'Charlies' was first applied only to the watchmen of the City of
London, who were established as a night police during the reign of Charles
II. See T.A. Critchley, A History of Police in England and Wales 900-1966
(Constable, 1970), p. 30. By the 1820s, the term referred to all parish night
watchmen.
- Kent, 'Centre and Localities', p. 403.
- Braddick, 'State Formation and Social Change', p. 7.
- J. Brewer, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 168~1783
(Unwin Hyman, 1989).
2 WESTMINSTER, 1720-39
- The pArishes were: St Anne, Soho; St Paul, Covent Garden; St Martin-in-the-
Fields; St Qement Danes; St Margaret; St John; St James, Piccadilly;
St George, Hanover Square; and St Mary-le-Strand. The extra-parochial
areas were the Precinct of the Savoy, Westminster Abbey, the palaces of St
James and Whitehall, and the Privy Gardens. The one Liberty was the Liberty
of the Rolls.
- G. Rude, Hanoverian London, 1714-1808 (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1971), pp. 10-14, 40-42.
- Rogers, Whig;s and Cities, pp. 174-8.
- Rude, Hanoverian London, pp. 50-62.
- M.D. George, London Life in the Eighteenth Century (New York: Capricorn
Books, 1965), p. 83.
- Rogers, Whig;s and Cities, pp. 174-8.
- S. Webb and B. Webb, English Local Government: The Parish and the County
(Hamden, cr: Archon Books, 1907, rept. 1963), p. 4. Hereafter cited as Webb
and Webb, Parish and County.
- In some of the crowded parishes of the East End, this could mean there were
literally thousands of vestrymen. Parish administration was thus usually more
cumbersome. Rude, Hanoverian London, pp. 131-2.
- Report of the Westminster City Council From the 9th November 1900 to the 31st
March 1902 (Havison and Sons, 1902), pp. 13-17. Hereafter cited as West-
minster City Council Report. See also Webb and Webb, Parish and County, pp.
204-5.
- For specific examples, see below when individual parishes are discussed; see
also Rogers, Whigs and Cities, pp. 188-9. For an example within the City of
London, see P. Earle, The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society
and Family Life in London, 1660-1730 (Methuen, 1989), pp. 244-50, 268.
- S. Webb and B. Webb, English Local Government: The Manor and the Borough
(Hamden, cr: Archon Books, 1908, rept. 1963), vol. I, pp. 216-17. Hereafter
cited as Webb and Webb, Manor and Borough.
- StGeorge, Hanover Square, VM, 2 June 1735.
- The records of at least three other courts leet have survived in the metropolitan
area, besides the Westminster Court of Burgesses: the Liberty of St John of
Jerusalem in Oerkenwell and Dulwich and Walworth Manors in Surrey. These
courts continued to appoint constables into the 1830s and 40s. See St John,
Qerkenwell, Liberty of St John of Jerusalem, Peace Officer's Book; Dulwich
