Before the Bobbies. The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720-1830
174 Notes
- N. Rogers, 'Confronting the Crime Wave: The Debate over Social Reform and
Regulation, 1749-1753', in Stilling the Grumbling Hive, ed. L. Davison, et al.,
p. 81; see also Beattie, Crime and the Courts, p. 520.
- Quoted in Radzinowicz, History, vol. I, p. 415.
- Beattie, Crime and the Courts, pp. 202-5.
- Annual Register, 1772, pp. 144-5.
- Beattie, Crime and the Courts, pp. 207-8, 235. For population increase, see E.A.
Wrigley and R.S. Schofield, The Population History of Engkmd, 1541-1871
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 166-74, 265-9. For inter-
nal migration, see E.A Wrigley, 'A Simple Model of London's Importance in
Changing English Society and Economy 1650-1750', Past and Present 37 (1967),
pp. 44-70.
- Rogers, 'Confronting the Crime Wave,' pp. 78-81.
- P. King, 'Newspaper Reporting, Prosecution Practice and Perceptions of Urban
Crime: the Colchester Crime Wave of 1765', Continuity and Change 2 (3), 1987,
pp. 423-54.
- The standard work on Wilkes and his supporters is G. Rude, Wilkes and Liberty
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962). See also I.R. Christie, Wilkes, wyv;ll
and Reform (Macmillan, 1962); and J. Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular
Politics at the Accession of George 111 (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1976) and his 'The Wilkites and the Law, 1763-74: A Study of Radical
Notions of Governance', in J. Brewer and J. Styles (eds), An Ungovernable
People: the English and their Law in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1980), pp. 85-171; and I.
Gilmour, &ot, Risings, and Revolution: Governance and Vwlence in 18th Century
England (Hutchinson, 1992), Chap. 15.
- See Brewer, 'The Wilkites and the Law', p. 164.
- A good summary of these events is in Rude, Hanoverian London, pp. 191-201.
- G. Rude, The Crowd in History 1730-1848, revised ed. (Lawrence and Wishart,
1981), p. 66.
- N. Rogers, 'Aristocratic Clientage, 'Il'ade and Independency: Popular Politics in
Pre-Radical Westminster', Past and Present 61 (1973), p. 105 and by the same
author, JWJigs and Cities.
- Rude, The Crowd in History, pp. 59-61. This contrasts to an earlier view of the
mob as the dregs of society.
- See, for example, C. Reith, The Police Idea: Its History and Evolution in England
in the Eighteenth Century and After (Oxford University Press, 1938), p. 43.
- The Riot Act (1 Geo. I c.5) made it a capital offence for any 12 or more people to
remain together if they did not disperse within one hour, once the act was read
out loud. Radzinowicz, History, vol. III, pp. 22-3. See also Sharpe, Crime in Early
Modem England, p.28 and Brewer, 'The Wilkites and the Law,' pp. 164-6.
- See, for example, W. Cobbett and T.C. Hansard (eds), Parliamentary History of
England, vol. XVII, cols. 228-9, when the House of Commons enquired into
'the Riots and Thmults in the Avenues leading to the House' on 25 March
- The officials who testified were either magistrates or constables, with the
most pointed questions about crowd control being addressed to the magis-
trates. Hereafter cited as ParL Hist.
- Rude, Wilkes and Liberty; E.P. Thompson, 'The Moral Economy of the English
Crowd in the Eighteenth Century', Past and Present 70 (1971), pp. 76-136; and
J. Bohstedt, 'The Moral Economy and the Discipline of Historical Context',
Journal of Social History 26 (1992), pp. 265-84.
- Quoted in Gilmour, &ot, Risings and Revolution, p.70.
