Before the Bobbies. The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720-1830

190 Notes

62. Rude, Hanoverian London, pp. 250-52. See also Stevenson, 'Food Riots', pp.
    35-7 and W.M. Stem, 'The Bread Crisis in Britain 1795-96', Economica, 31
    (1964), pp. 168-87.


63. St Giles-in-the-Fields and StGeorge, Bloomsbury, VM, 23 June 1794, 27 June
    1796, 23 June 1800, 22 June 1801, 21 June 1802. For the impact of high food
    prices on poor relief expenses, see DA. Baugh, 'The Cost of Poor Relief in
    South-east England 1790-1834', Economic History Review, 2nd series, 28
    (1975), pp. 50-68.


64. St Luke, Old Street, TM, 3 Dec. 1795. See also St Leonard, Shoreditch, Four
    Rates TM, 3 March 1796, 6 July 1797.


65. L.D. Schwarz, 'The Standard of Living in the Long Run: London, 1700-1860',
    Economic History Review, 2nd series, 38 (1985), pp. 28, 31, 36-41. Watchmen's
    wages were comparable to those of bricklayers' labourers.


66. See J.R. Western, The English Militia in the Eighteenth Century (Routledge &
    Kegan Paul, 1965), pp. 219-24.


67. St Marylebone, Committee of Management Minutes, 23 April 1817, report
    from Valentine Howell, watchhouse keeper.


68. St James, Piccadilly, VM, 26 Sept. 1800, 14 Oct. 1801, 11 June 1804, 22 Nov.
    1804, 26 Sept. 1804.


69. St James, Piccadilly, VM, 9 Nov. 1810.


70. St Giles-in-the-Fields and St George, Bloomsbury, VM, 15 Nov. 1806, 5 May
    1807 and CJ, vol. LXII, pp. 37, 59, 64, 162, 218, 364. For other examples, see
    my 'Night Watch', p. 369.


71. St Giles-in-the-Fields and St George, Bloomsbury, VM, 5 May 1807, 16 May
    1807.


72. St Giles-in-the-Fields and St George, Bloomsbury, VM, 16 June 1809. For
    other examples of wages increases see my 'Night Watch', pp. 370-71.


73. For a fuller account of the murders, see Radzinowicz, History, vol. III, pp. 231-
    323. T.A. Critchley and murder mystery writer P.D. James collaborated on an
    account of this case entitled The Maul and the Pear Tree (New York: Mysterious
    Press, 1971).


74. Beattie, Crime and the Courts, pp. 107, 111.


75. Emsley, Crime and Society, pp. 36-40.


76. Radzinowicz, History, vol. I, p. 198; vol. II, pp. 322-3; For the idea of pageantry
    and theatre in law, see D. Hay, 'Property, Authority and the Criminal Law', in
    D. Hay et al., Albion's Fatal Tree (New York: Pantheon Press, 1975), pp. 26-31.


77. Emsley, Crime and Society, pp. 29-30. See esp. Figure 2.1, 'Crime Patterns in
    the Early Nineteenth Century'.


78. Rude, The Crowd in History, p. 80.


79. 'Stepney Vestry Minutes Extracts 1778-1871', 2 Dec. 1811. I am grateful to Mr
    Uoyd, local history librarian, Thwer Hamlets Central library, for this reference.


80. GLRO, P80/PAU/11 St Paul, Hammersmith, Minutes of the Committee and
    General Meetings of the Association for the Prosecution of Thieves and
    Felons, 12 Dec. 1811, 18 Dec. 1811, 6 Jan. 1812.


81. PRO, H.O. 42!118/f.298, Mellish and Fletcher to Shadwell Police Office, 27
    Dec. 1811. See also f. 300, printed copy of resolutions adopted by lhlstees and
    inhabitants of St Paul, Shadwell, 24 Dec. 1811.


82. St Anne, Soho, VM, 1 Jan. 1812, 8 Jan. 1812; WCM, 5 Feb. 1812.


83. The Times, 14 Jan. 1812, p. 3.


84. See PRO, H.O. 42/118-120.


85. It is possible that the government had no intention of allowing the opposition
    the opportunity to enquire into the government's use of police magistrates as