Before the Bobbies. The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720-1830

196 Notes

80. J. Pearson, The London Charleys of the 18th Century; or Half-Past 7Welve
    o'Clock, and a Very Cloudy Sort of a Morning (London: J. King, 1827), p. 3.


81. 1822 Select Committee Report on Police, Appendix No. 1, p. 105.


82. Schwartz, 'The Standard of Living in the Long Run', p. 35.


83. St James, Clerkenwell, PCM, 25 Sept. 1815, 29 Nov. 1822, 13 Sept. 1827;
    St James, Piccadilly, WCM, Supernumerary List, appended to each volume.
    For Southwark, see West Division, PCM, 27 Aug. 1822; 7 Jan. 1823, 25 Feb.
    1823, 15 April 1823, 13 May 1823, 12 Aug. 1823. For additional examples, see
    my 'Night Watch', p. 454.


84. StJames, Clerkenwell, PCM, 1 Feb. 1816. For the best recent study of wages in
    London, see Schwartz, 'The Standard of Living in the Long Run: London,
    1700-1860', Appendix I, p. 38.


85. Southwark, West Division, PCM, 19 Dec. 1820; St Marylebone, WCM, 11 April
    1778 and VM, 22 April1826.


86. A clause of its local Act passed in 1795 allowed the vestry to grant an annuity of
    not more than £10 to any watchman or beadle who was either disabled in the line
    of duty or 'after a Service of Ten Years, be incapable of discharging such duty by
    bodily infirmities'. 35 Geo. III c. 73, s. 31; St Marylebone, VM, 28 June 1823.


87. St Luke, Old Street, TM, 4 Aug. 1825. For other examples, see my 'Night
    Watch', pp. 456-7.


88. St Marylebone, WCM, 7 Jan. 1773, 8 Dec. 1787, 17 Jan. 1795; St Marylebone
    Committee of Manage Minutes, 6 Nov. 1822, 13 Nov. 1822.


89. Southwark, West Division, PCM, 14 Jan. 1817; 11 June 1822, 12 Nov. 1822;
    Southwark, East Division, PCM, 18 May 1815.


90. As discussed previously, it may be that newspapers devoted more space to
    crime in peacetime, given the absence of war news. See King, 'Newspaper
    Reporting, Prosecution Practise, and Perceptions of Urban Crime', p. 426.


91. St Luke, Old Street, TM, 7 April1814; Southwark, West Division, PCM; 9, 23,
    and 30 May 1820.


92. In the next chapter is a discussion of Peel's reactions to further revelations of
    corruption among Bow Street Runners and police officers.


93. In the first two years of its existence, the Metropolitan Police hired 4000 men
    and fired 1989, 80 per cent of them for drunkenness. By 1838, 6000 men had
    resigned and 3200 had been dismissed. D. Ascoli, The Queen's Peace: The
    Origins and Development of the Metropolitan Police 1829-1979 (Hamish Hamil-
    ton, 1979), p. 89.


94. St James, Piccadilly, Record of Complaints brought before the Watch Commit-
    tee by the Beadles and Captains of Patrol, 1811-1829.


95. Clink Uberty, PCM, 18 Aug. 1813.


96. Clink Uberty, PCM, 18 Aug. 1813.


97. See 1818 Police Committee Report, pp. 112-20, 128-37, the testimony of James
    Jones, John Chalesworth and Benjamin Unsey. See also St Leonard, Shore-
    ditch Parish Meeting Minutes, 24 and 31 Dec. 1817.


98. Philips, 'Law Enforcement in England, 1780-1830', p. 160.


99. St Marylebone, WCM, 16 April1785, 16 Dec. 1786; VM, 8 May 1813, 23 Nov.


100. See also Sect. 27 of 3 Geo. IV c. 84.


101. See 6 Geo. IV c. 34, An Act for paving, [etc.] ... watching and improving the
     Streets and Public Places ... in ... Tothill Fields, section 70. The Act required
     that all 'Watchmen, Sergeants of the Night, and Patroles' be sworn in as
     constables. It was passed 10 June 1825.


102. StJames, Clerkenwell, PCM, 27 Sept. 1827, 26 Feb. 1829.


103. Hume, Bentham and Bureaucracy, pp. 158-60.