Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

72 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY the government was forced either to collect the next year's tribute in advance or impose extra tribute l ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 73 store the goods until they could sell them on the market, replace them with bet- ter goods ...

74 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY these clerks have been rejecting them and demanding payment in rice or cloth instead, and they have been ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 75 a market system financed by a new tax, and that effort was led by active, prag- matic offi ...

76 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY finally succeeded in establishing domination by war or compromise over all the daimyo of Japan. This pol ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 77 the southern coast and another on Kadok Island, especially to defend coastal towns like Pu ...

78 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY to about 500,000 men in J 592, with no more than 100,000 men in the northeast region of the country. On ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHaSON 79 ese troops from entering Cholla Province in the southwest. Konishi Yukinaga pushed north a ...

80 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY gwan system that placed command responsibilities in the hands of local garri- son commanders. Yu blamed ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 81 it wanted to maintain the principle that each province had responsibility for its own defe ...

82 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY they could find: retired military officers, unemployed yangban (hallyang), slaves, or Buddhist monks. Th ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 83 tion, hunger, and disease. After the retreat from Pyongyang, and later from Seoul, Hideyos ...

84 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY forces, the Japanese found themselves hard pressed when Hideyoshi died on Sep- tember 18, 1598. Chinese ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 85 copied only about 170 of them. The first time the Koreans used them in battle was at Chinj ...

86 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY to offset hunger than to provide serious support for crack troops. Because of the shortage of funds duri ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHOSON 87 which the troop units were bound "in a solid phalanx like the scales of a fish" and operat ...

88 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY cial weakness in Korea's defense against the Japanese but more from failure of the top leadership to thr ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHaSON 89 units. In the case of Kyonggi Province, for example, there were five regiments (yang) for ...

90 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY the soldiers even during the period of truce. Since peasants would rotate on and off duty, requiring som ...

DISINTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CHaSON 91 although the basic quota of troops in peacetime was supposed to be 180,000 men with anothe ...