Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais
1030 NOTES TO CHAPTER 2
- Ibid., pp. 143-46.
- Ibid., p. 142.
- Ibid., pp. 154-62.
- Ibid., pp. 163-68. See also chap. 6, below, on slavery.
- Yi Kyongsik, "Simnyuk segi chijuch'iing Yi tonghyang," pp. 169-75: Pak Songsu,
"Kogong yon'gu" [A study of hired labor], Sahak yon 'gu 18 (1964):527-54: Miyahara
Toichi, "J[igo-roku seiki Chosen no koko ni tsuite" [Hired labor in fifteenth and sixteenth
century Choson], Chosen gakuhO I I (1957):93-116.
- Yi Kyongsik, "Simnyuk segi chijuch'iing iii tonghyang," pp. 177-81.
- Chungjong sillok 32: rob, Chungjong 13 (15 I 8).2.kyong'in, cited in Yi Kyongsik,
"Simnyuk segi chijuch'iing iii tonghyang," p. 146.
- Ibid., p. I4 I, n. 7. See Sin Yonggae in 15 I 5, Chungjong sillok 2 I:52b-53a,
Chungjong IO.2.kyongja, who remarked that the big landlords had holdings of over roo
kyO! while the poor peasants were left with little or none. See the remarks of the Royal
Lecturer Ki Chun on the beauties of the well-field system, Chungjong sillok 36:34b-35a,
Chungjong 14 (15I9).7.kyesa.
- Chungjong sillok 5 I :54b-55a, Chungjong 19 (I 524).9.imsin. See also the remarks
of ChOng Yugil to King Myongjong in 1548 that land limitation was the best possible
idea since the well-field system was not possible in present times. He pointed out that
even though the Chinese Han dynasty and the Koryo dynasty had tried it [sic], it had
never been carried to completion in those dynasties. Nonetheless, he thought it was the
only remedy for the concentration of land by large landowners and the loss of land by
ordinary peasants that characterized the current situation in Korea. Myongjong sillok 7:48b,
Myongjong 3 (1548).3.kyesa. These sources are cited in Yi Kyongsik, "Simnyuk segi
chijuch'iing iii tonghyang," p. 141, n.7.
- Tagawa, RichO konosei no kenkyu, pp. 338-45.
- Ibid., pp. 27-36, nn. ro, 1 I, 38 n.15, 39, n. 17: 231-32,751-53: Kim Okkiin, Choson
hugi kyringjesa y6n'gu, (Seoul: Somundang, 1977), pp. 15-16.
- Tagawa, Rich() kljn()sei no kenkyu, pp. 386-408, 428-37.
- Ibid., pp. 440-45.
- Ibid., pp. 282-334·
- Ibid., pp. 446-70, 486-96, 751-53: Kim Okkiin, Choson hugi, pp. 15-16. For
Yulgok's proposal, see later in this chapter.
- The law also included exclusion from future official appointments for any yang-
ban or official who engaged in contracting. The law was later incorporated in the 1485
revision of the Ky6ngguk taej()n. Tagawa, Richo konosei no kenkyu, pp. 497-509.
- Tagawa has insisted that these slave-clerks of the capital bureaus must have devel-
oped after 15 IO into a completely professionalized guild (kumiai dantai) rather than just
a simple group of individual operators, and were to evolve into the tribute masters (kong-
mul el1Uin) engaged in the tribute contracting business after the adoption of the taedong
reform in 1594. Tagawa claimed that they engaged in capital accumulation by squeez-
ing huge illicit profits and developed in one of the overlooked interstices of a bureau-
cratic aristocracy (kanryri kizoku). The evidence Tagawa presented on this point, however,
was not sufficient to prove beyond a doubt that the capital bureau clerks and slaves had
