NOTES TO CHAPTER 6 1057
liang families who married male slaves became slaves, but the daughter of a male slave
once pennitted to man'y a liang-jen (good person) would instantly become a liang-jen
herself. Her chi ldren would also adopt their father's status whether liang or slave. Niida
ciled Yuan-shih, I04:9b-IOa. Niida Noboru, Shina mihump{jshi, pp. 927-28.
- For sources on the above section see KRS 31:3Ib-33a, 35a-36a, 85:43a-44a;
ro8:5b-6a. See Kameda, "Korai no nuhi," part I, pp. 96-98, 119-2 I; part 2, p. 58; Sudo,
"Nuhi no benrei," pp. 1-61; Yi Sangbaek, "Ch'onja sumogo." p. 158 ff; Hong Sunggi,
Koryri sidae nohi yi5n'gu, pp. 20-23. - KRS 85:46a. Sce the memorial of the nobleman, Kwon Chunghwa, who complained
about the loss of able-bodied males for military service because male slaves were mar-
rying women of good status and under Korean law their children all became private slaves.
He asked that they be prohibited from doing so, and that where such marriages existed,
the state would divorce the couple. And if the master of the male slave werc found guilty
of violating the law. he too would be punished. T'aejong approved the recommendation.
T{wjong sillok 2:6a-b. T'aejong 1.7 kab'in (140 [1; ibid. IO:I7a. T'aejong 5.9.kab'in (1405):
ibid. 26:2 Ib, T'aejong 13.9.chongch'uk. - Kameda Keiji, "Korai no nuhi," part I, pp. 98-99; part 2, pp. 47-48; Yi Sang-
baek. "Ch'onja sumogo," pp. 158-62; Hong Sunggi, Koryi5 sidae nohi ylin ·gu. p. 22 I;
idem. Koryii kwijok sahoe wa nobi. p. 261. - T'aejo sillok I 2:2b. T'aejo 6.7.kapsul.
- T'aejong .I'illok 2T48b, T'aejong 14.6.mujin. Sources in nn. 74-76 are cited in Sudo.
"Nuhi no kenkyu." part 3. p. 267. - T'aejong sillok 27:48b, I414.6.mujin, cited in Sudo. "Nuhi no kenkyu," part 3, pp.
267-68, and Yi Sangbaek, "Ch'onja sumogo," p. 163. - Sejong sillok 45:9a, 1429.7.kisa.
- Ibid. 55:22a. I432.3.kapsul.
- Ibid. 55:26b-27a. 1432.3.kapsin. This and the notices in n. 81 and n. 82 cited in
Yi Sangbaek, "Ch6nja sumogo," pp. 1 (12-65. See also Sudo, "Nuhi no kenkyu," part 3.
pp.268- 6 9. - Sejong sillok 55:27a. IfYi Chaeryong's description of the onerous service and trib-
ute burdens of early Choson official slaves is to be believed, it is hard to imagine why a
private slave would necessarily prefer official slavery. but it is possible that the prospects
for manumission were better as an official slave. Yi pointed out that after the state abol-
ished most Buddhist monastic slaves in 1406 and converted them to government or offi-
cial slaves, it raised the rate of tribute hitherto levied on official tribute-paying slaves
(napkollg nobi) to the same levels as that paid by the former monastic (private) slaves. I
have deduced, therefore, that unless Sejong's officials were mistaken ahout the motives
of slaves. the prospects of manumission or escape must been brighter for official than
private slaves. Yi Chaeryong, "Choson ch6n'gi Lii nobi yon 'gu" [A study of the slaves of
the early Choson period I. Sungj()/l taehakkv() nonmunjip 3 (1971): 169-88. - Children born of such marriages between 14 I 4 and 1432 were also exempted from
the law. Sejong sillok SS:26h-28a, Sejong 14.3.uryu. pyongsul. - Seju sillok 46:32b, 1468.6.im'in, cited in Yi Sangbaek, "Ch'onja sumogo," pp.
166-67. See Sudo. "Nuhi no kenkyu." part 3, pp. 272-73. See the Kvongguk taejon of