1114 NOTES TO CHAPTER 15of ofticials, and were only interested in obtaining the right men meant that they would
leave positions in the San-kung or San-ku vacant if there were no men of virtue avail-
able.
The commentary hy Ts'ai Ch'en noted a discrepancy with the Rites of Chou, which
described the Ssu-kung as the officer of winter (Tung-kuan) in charge of industry, and
also the continuation of this tradition by scholars of the Han dyna,ty. PGSR 17:2a-3b;
Zenyaku 11:634-5.
- PGSR I8:21D-22b,
- The Korean pronunciation of these officers is Ch'on'gwan, Chigwan, Ch'un'gwan,
Hagwan, Ch'ugwan, and Tonggwan. For Cheng Ssu-neng's remarks and the codes of law,
see ibid. I 7:4a; for the 60 subordinates, see 17 :5a-b. For detailed description of the respon-
sibilities of the six ministers as copied from the Rifes ()f Chou, with commentaries, sec
ibid. I7:4a-I6b. Yu also claimed that in the Chou dynasty there were presumably 3,190
of the king's court and mctropolitan area, but he rejected thc 2.643 listed in the T'ung-
fien and the unsupported figure of 61,032 for the bureaucracy of the feudal lords. Ibid.,
I8:1Ob. - Ibid. 17:29b-32b; 18:I3a-I4a.
- Ibid. 15:2b: 16:lb.
- Ibid. I r 19b.
- Ibid. 17:20a. Yu's main interest was economy of personnel in the top command
structure, because he also pointed out that the total number of officials by the reign of
Emperor Ai (6-I B.C.) had reached J 30,285. Elsewhere, when he listed only 7,567 offi-
cials in the Later Han, he must have been referring to regular officials alone. Ibid. 18: lob. - Li Lin-fu, a member of the imperial family, worked his way to the top of the T'ang
administration by 736, purged his political enemies, and wielded dictatorial power until
impeached by Yang Kuo-chung. Yang, a relative of the famous consort Yang-kuei-fei,
succeeded to power aftcr Li's death in 752. He fell out with his friend, An Lu-shan, one
of the factors contrihuting to An's rebellion. YUan Tsai becamc an important official and
a favorite of Emperor Tai-tsung later in the eighth century, engaging in ostentatious self-
indulgence and tyrannical personal behavior. Ajia rekishi jifen 9 (Tokyo: Heibonhsa,
I962):IT2. 318: 3:15°: C. A. Peterson, "Court and Province in Mid-and LateT'ang,"in
Denis Twitchell and John K. Fairbank, eds., The Camhridge History of China, vol. 3,
Sui amZT'ang China, pt. I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 409-53;
Edwin G. Pulleyblank, The Backgmund of the Rehellioll of An Lu-shan (London: Oxford
University Press, 1955), pp. 82-104. - PGSR 17:28b.
- Ibid. 16: I b, sa. After the Border Defense Command was established in 1555, the
State Council's authority was severely weakened during the rule of Kwanghaegun (r.
1608-23) and its functions taken over by the Border Defense Command. Yi Sugwang
(d. 1629) advocated its abolition and a restoration of the State Council. MHBG
2I6:12h-l4a,22b-29a. - PGSR 17:39a-40a.
- Yi Sangbaek, Hall 'gllk.l"a. kilnse chlJn 'gip 'yon [The history of Korca: Early mod-
ern period I (Seoul: Oryull1Lll1hwasa, 1962), pp. 159-60.