NOTES TO CHAPTER 18 T 123The Great Enterprise (Berkeley and Los Angcles: University of California Press. 1985),PP·37-3 8.
I I. Derk Bodde, "The State and Empire of Ch'in," Camhridge History ot" China 1 :54:
Michael Lowe, "The Former Han Dynasty," ibid. 3:I56-S7: PGSR 18: 17h-ISa.
- PGSR IS:Sa-9<.
- Ihid. IS:9a-IOa.
- KSDSJ 1 :413: 2:1614: Chosen Sotokufu Chusuin, ed., Kyongguk taejOn (Keijo,
Choscn Sotokufu ChusUin, 1934), pp. 116-33·
IS. The Korean terms for these offlcials are: instructors (Kyosu), adviser (Hundo),
inspectors of medicine (Simyak), legal experts (Komnyul), post-station clerk (Yoksung),
and ferry-station official (Tosung). In 1744 the inspector of medicine had been elimi-
nated, and by 1788 the pharmacist was removed. The post-station clerks were promoted
to Ch'albang, and ferry-station officials were replaced by special officers (Py5lehang)
under the Ministry of War. Chosen Sotokufu Chusuin, ed., Soktaejr'in (Keijo: Chosen
Sotokufu Chu"uin. 1 935), pp. 94-99: Chosen Sotokufu Chusuin, cd .. 7i/ejiill hoet'ong
(Keijo: Chosen Sotokufu Chusuin, 1939), p. 136. - PGSR 15:36a-37h. Kyonggi had no army commander, Ch(llla had a second navy
commander (one for the Left and Right Provinces), Kyongsang had second army and
navy commanders: P'y(mg'an had no navy commander and an extra army commander
for the north and south subprovinces: HamgYlmg had a second army commander: Kangw5n
and Hwanghae had neither army or navy commanders, until an army commander was
established in Hwanghae during Hideyoshi's invasion. Furthermore, a navy commander
was given the concurrent post of navy commander for the southern three provinces (T'ong-
jesa) retained since its creation during Hideyoshi 's invasion. Thus, provinces that did not
separate army or navy commanders were directed by the provincial governor. Yu had no
objection to raise to varying the number of provincial military commanders according
to the perceived need for defense. - Ihid. 1):36a-38a.
- Ihid. J ):39h-4oa.
- Ibid. 13:Sb-6b.
- Ihid. IS:40a-4Ia: 13:l4b-T5a.
- Ibid. 13:6b-7b.
- Yu cited the remarks of Chang Chiu-ling in 714 to Emperor Hsiian-tsung that there
were hardly any talented men in the posts of prefects or district magistrates because most
of them had obtained office primarily because of their personal connections. Most offi-
cials regarded magistrate posts as tantamount to exile from the capital, and the soldiers
and irregular officials who were appointed to them used their positions to accumulate
time-in-grade. This system was totally contrary to the Chou praclicc of rccruiting mag-
istrates for central government office and sending the best officials in the capital to take
over magistrates' positions. Ihid. 14: 17b-19a. - Ihid. [J: I 5a-17Cl.
- Ihid. 13:Sh-6h.
- Ihid. 1 ):42a-42b.