Mining: and coinage, 53: copper, 53, 988-89:
and corvee labor, 30: in early Choson, 30,
49, 53: and gold imports, 30: government
practices, 873: labor, 49. See also Copper:
Foreign trade
Minister of bureaucratic personnel (Sarna,
Ssu-ma), 127
Minister of education (Ssu-t'u), 46, 128, 593,
6 I 5, 7 I I: grand minister, 203
Minister of personnel (Sang-shu), 656, 657
Minister of punishments (Ssu-k'ou), 267, 594
Minister of rites (Tsung-po), 594
Minister of the economy (Ssu-kung), 594, 615
Minister of war (Ssu-ma), 46, 594
Minister-without-portfolio (Ch'ungch'ubu
Yongsa), 46 I
Ministry of Justice (Chonbopsa), 2 [9
Ministry of Personnel (China: Li-pu), 133,
142,647-61 passim, 677
Ministry of Personnel (Korea), 63, 175, 185,
628,63 1,646,660-72 passim, 766, 783:
agencies, list of, 644
Ministry of Punishments, 185,618,713,869:
agencies, list of, 645: and slave ownership,
220, 247: slave records destroyed, 227,
1034: Yu Hyongwon's proposed reform,
620,624
Ministry of Rites (China), 653, 820
Ministry of Rites (Korea): agencies, list of,
644: and community compacts, 7 I 8, 720:
and examination system, 203: and food for
elderly, 593: and musicians, 187: reducing
size of, 626: and taedonf? revenues, 784
Ministry of Taxation (China), 598
Ministry of Taxation (Korea): agencies, list of,
644: and cash, 858, 86o, 868, 869,926,927,
928,929,937,938, 944,948: and copper
allocation, 523: and disastrous harvest, 957:
in eighteenth century, 85 I -52: and grain
rations, 86, 444, 447, 451,452,463: and
granaries, 688, 689: and loans, 690, 697:
and merchants, 982: and military colonies,
105: and military finance, 440, 442, 463:
and minting, 980, 997: and prebends, 66:
and price stabilization, 55: and Royal Divi-
sion, 4 18. 424: and Royal Treasury, 58 I:
and silver, 975, 976: and taedong system,
782, 788-89, 803: and tribute payments,
72, 820: and village granary system, 7°3:
in Yu Hyongwon's reform plan, 621-31
passim, 826, 835
Ministry of War (China), 142,655,657,659
Ministry of War (Korea): agencies. list of,
INDEX 1255645: agencies, redundant, 6[6: archery
examination, 433: banquets, 4°1: guards,
446, 504, 5°7: Imjin War, 79: officials, 443,
652,660,661: peasant labor, 633: person-
nel, 646; records, 42 I; rice collection, 423:
soldiers, 404, 456, 470; taxes, 417, 475:
weapons, 523
Ministry of (Public) Works, 621-22,624,633,
645, 80 3,944
minjrln, 42,46, 339, 34 I, 342, 343, 1025
minjrlnf? 794
minjung.4
"Miscellaneous posts" (Chapchik), 616
Miyahara Toichi, 54
mogok, 43 I, 690
mogun, 502
moipkull, 470
mok,693
Mok Naeson, 247, 248, 1098
Mokch'on, 730, 755
Monarchy: advisers, 593-94: agricultural
ritual, 590-92; audiences, 602-7; in Confu-
cian thought, 1004-5; deposition, 61-62:
despotism, 32, 62; factions, 63-64: mar-
riage, 599-60 [: monarch's role, 590-94:
royal1ectures, 607-8; usurpation, 62
Monetary policy: in China, 878, 879-902;
copper cash in the seventeenth century,
855-76: and cycles of inflation and defla-
tion, 924-63; in Korea, 902-23; Yu
Hyongwon's plan, 909-23
Money, See Currency
Mongmin simso, 757
Mongols: control in Korea, 26-27, 5 I, 117;
and foreign trade, 90 I; invasions, 77, 87,
117: money, 898: slavery, 2 I 5, 2 I 6, 22 I
Monks, I I I
Moore, Barrington, Jr., 355-56
lIloryallf?lI1i, 789
IIlrlSiilll, 68, 240, 243
Mountain Faction, 395
Mourning rituals, 724
Mu-kung (Duke Mu), 959
mubijuin, 823
mUdanf?,257
Mugyc, 1033
muhak, 502, 543
mukwa, 199, 433, 506
lIlu/go injrlng p 0, 425
mulli, See "'u-Ii
mUll (wen: culture. the written word, represen-
tation), 126
mull, (measure of cash), 55, 858