470 MILITARY REFORMPROBLEMS OF SUPPORT-TAXPAYER FIN A NeEExpansion of Men Registeredfor Military ServiceDespite several attempts to reduce soldiers and support taxpayers, the total num-
ber appears to have risen. One reckoning made by An Chongbok some time after
I746 concluded that there was a total of 1,083,784 soldiers and support tax-
payers of all types of service in the country.2 According to this account, the Five
Military Divisions located in or near the capital had the numbers of soldiers and
support taxpayers shown in table 5:^3
TABLE 5
MILITARY AND SUPPORT PERSONNEL, BY DIVISION
Support
Unit Soldiers Taxpayers Total
Mil. Trg. Agency 6,3 16 41 ,099 47,415
Forbidden Guard Div. 20,5 05 67,54 6 88,05 I
Royal Division 25.93 8 74,0 89 100,020
Defense Command 29,3 60 29,3 60
Anti-Manchu Division 22,463 2,4 (^68) 24,93 1
TOTAL 10 4,5 82 18 5,202 (^28) 9,777
The total figure of 289,777 reflects the IO percent cut made in troop and tax-
payer quotas of the five military divisions made in I704, but there were addi-
tional categories and numbers that had not existed in 1704. An recorded, for
example, 323, I 17 men attached to the Ministry of War,^4 5 1,499 soldiers and
support taxpaycrs of military officers (kun 'gwan) and forbidden soldiers
(kumgun), and aides and miscellaneous types assigned to government agencies
(Yuch'ong chapsaek).5 These categories add up to 374,616, and if we combine
them with the soldiers and support taxpayers of the five military divisions, then
the total number of soldiers and taxpayers assigned to capital divisions, guards,
ministries, and bureaus should have been a Whopping 664,393 men. Naturally,
the vast majority were taxpayers residing in the six provinces whose yangy6k
taxes were remitted to the capital.
In addition, there were 217,998 regular cavalrymen and infantrymen and their
support taxpayers assigned to duty in the provinces, of which I 12,857 were sta-
tioned in local areas for guard duty (yubang) and 105,141 paid support cloth
taxes during on rotation. There were also 45,793 soldiers and support taxpay-
ers assigned to beacon stations throughout the country, and 4' ,438 marines and
their officers, of which [3,657 were "oarsmen" and 27,78[ "fighting troops,"
all of whom paid cloth for the hiring of substitutes. The other major categories
of provincial soldiers and taxpayers were, first, the 20,486 soldiers assigned to
local garrisons and forts (chinbo), of which 7,305 were local troops and [3,181
were recruited soldiers (moipkun); second, the 141,922 ivory soldiers (abyl5ng,