The Etruscan World (Routledge Worlds)

• Jean Gran-Aymerich –

distribution of Etruscan goods in the hinterland see Chapter 19. However, we note here
the connection between the Etruscan bucchero forms in the black wares and proto-historic
grey wares of southern France in the Rhône-Saône corridor, and found through Burgundy
and beyond. We know, especially through the works of Charlette Arcelin-Pradelle, of the
phenomenon of adaptation of bucchero forms through a small percentage of local grey or
black ware, called “grise du Midi,” or “de Provence” and we have identifi ed some of these
at Marseille itself.^39 Returning to the Rhône axis, imitations of Etruscan kantharoi have
been confi rmed up to the region of Lyon and at Chassey in Burgundy.^40 The oppidum at
Bourges, in the Centre region, has furnished examples of open forms, which might be
connected to these wares of Provence.^41 The latest works at the oppidum of Mont-Lassois at
Vix and the excavation of the large apsidal building (the “Princess Palace”) have furnished
amphorae from Marseille, Attic ceramics of high quality, and proto-historic black wares
and oinochoai which partake of Etruscan forms.^42 Other examples of the infl uence of
Etruscan forms amongst the Celtic ceramics of the hinterland were known, including
the Schnabelkannen-type oinochoai,^43 while, for the cups, this infl uence was proposed for
certain carinated cups and in particular those decorated with notches on the carination.^44

THE SOUTH-WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN:

FROM CARTHAGE TO THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

The exchanges between Carthage and the Etruscan cities such as Caere, Tarquinia or
Vetulonia from the end of the eighth century were critical for the introduction and
adoption in the Etruscan world of products, fringe technologies, and new iconographic
models. The most important cultural and human exchanges pertained to craft: specialized
handcrafts, artisans, and artists from the Near East plied their trades in the Etruscan
cities.^45 In return, we note the fi rst introduction of Etruscan products, and more copiously
those of the central Tyrrhenian area, at Carthage and in the Phoenician colonial world
up to Huelva.^46 The discovery of Sardinian ceramics of a late Villanovan style at Malaga
(Churriana, near the international airport), Cadiz and Huelva opened new avenues of
study.^47 Etrusco-Phoenician economic and diplomatic relations experienced an especially
intense phase during the second half of the seventh century and throughout the sixth, as
evidenced by the Etruscan and Phoenician inscriptions upon the gold plaques from Pyrgi

• the principle port of Caere – which cast light on the fi rst Romano-Carthaginian treaty.^48

Carthage, Karthazie

For a site so far from Etruria Carthage has revealed an exceptional concentration of
Etruscan goods. The collection is unique as much for the quantity of fi nds – which exist
in the hundreds in both habitations and necropoleis – as for the extensive chronology of
the discoveries (from the seventh through to the fourth centuries); some of these fi nds
are of inestimable value in the study of Etrusco-Carthaginian relations. The contrast is
striking with the paucity of Etruscan fi nds identifi ed in the rest of North Africa: bucchero
kantharoi were found at Naukratis, and perhaps at Tocra; Cyrene furnished a plate of the
Genucilia type, and Cyrenaica has provided a belt-buckle; the presence of bucchero at
Karnak has yet to be confi rmed.^49 The fi nds in Greece and in the eastern Mediterranean
constitute a specialized dossier and have been the objects of multiple studies.^50 The
case of Malta is peculiar because of insularity and its proximity to the Tyrrhenian Sea.^51