- Jean Gran-Aymerich –
France and on the peninsula. Furthermore, the quantitative approach adopted often
excludes typological associations and restricts a global interpretation. A clear example
of this reductive phenomenon is illustrated by the under-evaluation of the interest in
sets of dining paraphernalia formed from the Etruscan oinochoai and the Orientalizing
bronze basins (braserillos), located in the rich tombs at Huelva and at Cigarralejo, which
have not received suffi cient recognition as elements in prestige banquets. Additionally,
the fragmentary state of the ceramics discovered in the settlements rendered their
identifi cation diffi cult, as much for the bucchero vases as for the transport amphorae, and
as well the common wares or even the painted pottery (Huelva, Ullastret).^78 The graffi ti
themselves are often fi rst confused with Iberian inscriptions (Lattes, Ensérune).^79 The
associations at certain sites, such as Huelva, Malaga, Ullastret and Ampurias of bucchero
vases, transport amphorae and Etruscan bronzes recommend perspectives other than the
merely quantitative.
The list, hardly exhaustive, of Etruscan discoveries on the Iberian Peninsula renders
a minimum of 45 confi rmed sites: 13 for Catalonia, 16 for the Levante and Baleares,
16 for the southern half of Spain. This ensemble includes 29 sites on the littoral, 12
in the hinterland, and four underwater locations that suggest shipwrecks.^80 The main
concentrations of Etruscan discoveries correspond to differentiated sites: the foundations
of colonies Greek (Ampurias) or Phoenician (Malaga, Cerro del Villar, Toscanos), as well
as indigenous sites with maritime access (Ullastret, Huelva). There is the example of a
votive deposit in a littoral sanctuary (La Algaida on the mouth of the Guadalquivir) and
others most likely deriving from urban sanctuaries (Ampurias, Malaga). Etruscan high-
value objects – bronzes and ivories – were found in princely tombs of the littoral (Huelva)
and the hinterland (Pozo Moro and Los Villares for complete contexts) (Fig. 17.13) and
Figure 17.13 Necropolis of Los Villares, province of Albacete (Castilla-La Mancha), plaques from a
small box with representations of banquet, satyrs and birds. Carved ivory, end of the sixth century.
(Gran-Aymerich 2006c).